CAJ | 학술논문

简要评述了当前国内外在甲烷直接部分氧化合成甲醇和甲烷经卤代后合成甲醇领域的研究进展。众多研究表明,甲烷多相催化氧化制甲醇是最具有工业化应用前景的技术,其中钼系催化剂的效果较好;以Pt、Pd配合物为催化剂的甲烷液相催化氧化法制甲醇方法具有较高的甲烷转化率和甲醇选择性,但是催化剂价格昂贵、反应条件苛刻、环境污染严重;甲烷气相均相氧化属于非催化反应,在高温高压下进行,且反应器须具备特殊的形式,结构复杂;虽然酶催化氧化法的选择性较高,但是生物酶的制备有一定难度,不适用于大范围应用,该路线目前仅限于实验室研究阶段;光催化氧化是一种环境友好的技术,反应条件温和、避免氧化剂应用,但是该类催化剂局限于半导体和盐类,还有待于进一步开发新型高效的催化剂。同时,甲烷经卤代后合成甲醇的方法对解决甲烷活化的难题具有独特优势,是一种比较有开发前景的路线,正在受到研究者们的密切关注。
간요평술료당전국내외재갑완직접부분양화합성갑순화갑완경서대후합성갑순영역적연구진전。음다연구표명,갑완다상최화양화제갑순시최구유공업화응용전경적기술,기중목계최화제적효과교호;이Pt、Pd배합물위최화제적갑완액상최화양화법제갑순방법구유교고적갑완전화솔화갑순선택성,단시최화제개격앙귀、반응조건가각、배경오염엄중;갑완기상균상양화속우비최화반응,재고온고압하진행,차반응기수구비특수적형식,결구복잡;수연매최화양화법적선택성교고,단시생물매적제비유일정난도,불괄용우대범위응용,해로선목전부한우실험실연구계단;광최화양화시일충배경우호적기술,반응조건온화、피면양화제응용,단시해류최화제국한우반도체화염류,환유대우진일보개발신형고효적최화제。동시,갑완경서대후합성갑순적방법대해결갑완활화적난제구유독특우세,시일충비교유개발전경적로선,정재수도연구자문적밀절관주。
This paper briefly reviews the advance in the synthesis of methanol from methane via partial oxidation and the synthesis of methanol from halogenated methane.The heterogeneous oxidation from methane to methanol by molybdenum-based catalyst has a wide perspective of application.By using Pt or Pd complex as catalyst in aqueous homogenous system,methane is converted to methanol with high conversion and selectivity,but the high cost of catalyst,rigorous conditions and serious pollution to the environment prohibit its widespread use.In the gaseous homogenous system under high temperature and pressure,the structure of reactor is very complicated.Although the special enzyme has effective performance,its study is still in the lab due to the difficulty in the preparation of enzyme.It is very interesting that photocatalysis of methane has good prospect in terms of environmental protection,however,the main drawback is the development of novel,highly efficient catalysts.The route from methyl halide to methanol with high conversion and selectivity has unique advantages in methane activation,and attracts close attention in basic and applied research.