山东师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)
山東師範大學學報(人文社會科學版)
산동사범대학학보(인문사회과학판)
JOURNAL OF SHANDONG TEACHERS' UNIVERSITY(HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES)
2014年
4期
47-72
,共26页
黎锦熙%新著国语文法%隐含%新理论%新方法
黎錦熙%新著國語文法%隱含%新理論%新方法
려금희%신저국어문법%은함%신이론%신방법
Li Jinxi%New Grammar of Modern Chinese%new theories%new approaches
1924年的黎氏文法体系隐含的50年代借鉴国外现代语法学结构主义理论方法产生的两语法书的内容:造句格式基本句法结构建立、按句法功能标准划分词类,句法结构次序,语法成分、语义成分对应非一对一,从句法结构分析语义关系。隐含的80年代出现的新理论、方法是:语法形式和意义相互结合与对应,词的分类、兼类、用法特点语法形式表现及句式变换,歧义句层次与分化表现,语法结构的句法、语义、语用结合分析。黎氏文法“依句辨品”说在建国后的变化---新解、倒退、发展。新解是说明“辨品”为“辨别”词类,非“区分”词类。倒退是:“凡词,依句辨品,离句无品”,先更改为“凡词,依靠结构,显示品类”,后质变为“四级形态论”。“发展”是句子结构、词组结构一致,“句子”成分“辨品”,成为“词组”成分的结合能力“辨品”。说明“依句辨品”合理,“离句无品”成立。正确对待传统文法学,建议重印《新著》1924年原版公开发行。
1924年的黎氏文法體繫隱含的50年代藉鑒國外現代語法學結構主義理論方法產生的兩語法書的內容:造句格式基本句法結構建立、按句法功能標準劃分詞類,句法結構次序,語法成分、語義成分對應非一對一,從句法結構分析語義關繫。隱含的80年代齣現的新理論、方法是:語法形式和意義相互結閤與對應,詞的分類、兼類、用法特點語法形式錶現及句式變換,歧義句層次與分化錶現,語法結構的句法、語義、語用結閤分析。黎氏文法“依句辨品”說在建國後的變化---新解、倒退、髮展。新解是說明“辨品”為“辨彆”詞類,非“區分”詞類。倒退是:“凡詞,依句辨品,離句無品”,先更改為“凡詞,依靠結構,顯示品類”,後質變為“四級形態論”。“髮展”是句子結構、詞組結構一緻,“句子”成分“辨品”,成為“詞組”成分的結閤能力“辨品”。說明“依句辨品”閤理,“離句無品”成立。正確對待傳統文法學,建議重印《新著》1924年原版公開髮行。
1924년적려씨문법체계은함적50년대차감국외현대어법학결구주의이론방법산생적량어법서적내용:조구격식기본구법결구건립、안구법공능표준화분사류,구법결구차서,어법성분、어의성분대응비일대일,종구법결구분석어의관계。은함적80년대출현적신이론、방법시:어법형식화의의상호결합여대응,사적분류、겸류、용법특점어법형식표현급구식변환,기의구층차여분화표현,어법결구적구법、어의、어용결합분석。려씨문법“의구변품”설재건국후적변화---신해、도퇴、발전。신해시설명“변품”위“변별”사류,비“구분”사류。도퇴시:“범사,의구변품,리구무품”,선경개위“범사,의고결구,현시품류”,후질변위“사급형태론”。“발전”시구자결구、사조결구일치,“구자”성분“변품”,성위“사조”성분적결합능력“변품”。설명“의구변품”합리,“리구무품”성립。정학대대전통문법학,건의중인《신저》1924년원판공개발행。
By drawing on the theory and method of modern structuralism of grammatology from abroad,the two books on Chinese grammar in the 1950 s are about the following viewpoints implied in the grammatical system put forward by Li Jinxi in 1924:the establishment of basic sentence patterns;division into parts of speech according to syntactic function;fixation of syntactic structure;non - biunique relationship be-tween grammatical and semantic elements;analysis of semantic relations from grammatical structure. etc. And the new theories and approaches appeared in the 1980s implied in Li’s system are the mutual combi-nation and correspondence between grammatical form and meaning;classification of words,multi-class words,usage of words and expression of grammatical form. and transformation of sentence patterns;level and differentiation of ambiguous sentences;integral analysis of syntax,semantics and pragmatics in gram-matical structure. The changes of retrogress and development undergone by the doctrine of Li’s since the founding of PRC testify that“identification of parts of speech depends on sentence”is correct,and that“no parts of speech can be identified without sentence”is valid. Therefore traditional grammatology ought to be evaluated correctly and the original edition of NEw Grammar of ModErn CHinEsE([ Xinzhu Guoyu Wenfa]),be reprinted.