CAJ | 학술논문

《论语》是研究孔子的重要文献，但不是研究孔子的唯一文献依据。孔子本人首先是一个礼学家，然后才是一个道德教育家，他的道德教育是为重建礼制秩序服务的。孔子毕生为之奋斗的目标是重建“君君，臣臣，父父，子子”的政治伦理秩序，为此他开门授徒，对弟子讲述礼仪，阐述礼义，最终形成了以重建礼制秩序为核心内容、以礼乐刑政为施政纲领、以心性道德修养为立国基础、以畏天命远鬼神敬亡亲为宗教态度、以“中”“和”为思想方法、以优先发展教育为治国要务、以文献古籍为制礼依据的一套完整的礼学治国思想体系。现存的孔子研究文献主要有《论语》《礼记》《大戴礼记》《孝经》《仪礼》以及上博简中的七十子作品等等，这些都可以视为礼学文献，其中《仪礼》和大小戴《礼记》中那些记载礼仪的篇章居于主干地位，而《论语》《孝经》、大小戴《礼记》中讲述礼义的文献以及近年出土的孔子师徒文献都是礼学传记。从这个角度来看，《论语》只是孔子礼学的重要传记。《论语》所记载的主要是孔子的伦理道德思想，仅凭一部《论语》来研究孔子是远远不够的。
《론어》시연구공자적중요문헌，단불시연구공자적유일문헌의거。공자본인수선시일개례학가，연후재시일개도덕교육가，타적도덕교육시위중건례제질서복무적。공자필생위지강두적목표시중건“군군，신신，부부，자자”적정치윤리질서，위차타개문수도，대제자강술례의，천술례의，최종형성료이중건례제질서위핵심내용、이례악형정위시정강령、이심성도덕수양위입국기출、이외천명원귀신경망친위종교태도、이“중”“화”위사상방법、이우선발전교육위치국요무、이문헌고적위제례의거적일투완정적례학치국사상체계。현존적공자연구문헌주요유《론어》《례기》《대대례기》《효경》《의례》이급상박간중적칠십자작품등등，저사도가이시위례학문헌，기중《의례》화대소대《례기》중나사기재례의적편장거우주간지위，이《론어》《효경》、대소대《례기》중강술례의적문헌이급근년출토적공자사도문헌도시례학전기。종저개각도래간，《론어》지시공자례학적중요전기。《론어》소기재적주요시공자적윤리도덕사상，부빙일부《론어》래연구공자시원원불구적。
The Analects of Confucius is an important literature in the study of Confucius but it is not the only literature for this purpose. Confucius himself is firstly a ritual theorist and secondly a moral educator. His moral education serves the rebuilding of ritual order. Confucius struggled for his whole life to rebuild a political-ethic system with a monarch acting properly as a monarch, subjects acting properly as subjects, a father acting properly as a father and a son acting properly as a son. Therefore, he opened his door, welcoming in students and training them, explaining rites and elaborating their meanings for those students. Finally he formed a systematic ideology of ritual administration of a country, with a rebuilding of ritual order as its essential element, with a combination of rite, music, punishment and management as its political principle, with a spiritual moral as its foundation of state, with a fear of destiny, an indifference of ghost and a worship of deceased ancestors as its religious attitude, with a mean and harmony as a thinking method, with a preference to education as its important affair of state administration, with literature and classics as its basis for ritual administration. Extant literatures for the study of Confucius mainly consist of The Analects of Confucius, The Book of Rites, The Book of Rites by Dai De, The book of Filial Piety, The Etiquette, and some others. Among which The Etiquette, The Book of Rites by Dai De are more important than others because they contain parts dealing with rites, while The Analects of Confucius and The book of Filial Piety are biography of ritual study. From this perspective, The Analects of Confucius is only a significant biography of the ritual of Confucius. The Analects of Confucius records much more about the ethics and morality of Confucius, therefore it is not enough to study Confucius only through The Analects of Confucius.