中国材料进展
中國材料進展
중국재료진전
MATERIALS CHINA
2014年
1期
39-45
,共7页
吴冲浒%聂洪波%肖满斗%谢海唯
吳遲滸%聶洪波%肖滿鬥%謝海唯
오충호%섭홍파%초만두%사해유
纳米材料%硬质合金%紫钨%钨粉%碳化钨粉
納米材料%硬質閤金%紫鎢%鎢粉%碳化鎢粉
납미재료%경질합금%자오%오분%탄화오분
nanomaterials%hardmetals%violet tungsten oxide%tungsten powder%tungsten carbide powder
WC晶粒不断细化是硬质合金发展的一个重要特征。从硬质合金的纳米原料、纳米硬质合金、纳米材料助长或增强超粗晶硬质合金以及硬质合金的纳米涂层材料等4个方面论述了纳米材料在硬质合金中的应用，着重报道了中国在这些方面的优势。纳米粒径原料的制备是首要难题，1997年发明的“紫钨原位还原”技术利用传统工艺制备纳米、超细碳化钨粉末，碳化钨粉的粒径可小于20 nm。纳米硬质合金技术利用低压热等静压或热等静压，克服了烧结过程中 WC异常长大的难题，制备100～200 nm纳米硬质合金，抗弯强度在5000 MPa以上，使用性能优于亚微或超细晶硬质合金，已用于生产。利用“纳米颗粒溶解法”制备的超粗晶硬质合金晶粒度可达12μm；而含有纳米Co2 W4 C增强相的超粗晶硬质合金产品，使用寿命比普通合金产品提高了2～3倍。涂层材料纳米化，是硬质合金工具的一个发展方向，在耐磨性、硬度和抗裂纹扩展方面有明显优势，加工工件表面质量更好，工具使用寿命更长。
WC晶粒不斷細化是硬質閤金髮展的一箇重要特徵。從硬質閤金的納米原料、納米硬質閤金、納米材料助長或增彊超粗晶硬質閤金以及硬質閤金的納米塗層材料等4箇方麵論述瞭納米材料在硬質閤金中的應用，著重報道瞭中國在這些方麵的優勢。納米粒徑原料的製備是首要難題，1997年髮明的“紫鎢原位還原”技術利用傳統工藝製備納米、超細碳化鎢粉末，碳化鎢粉的粒徑可小于20 nm。納米硬質閤金技術利用低壓熱等靜壓或熱等靜壓，剋服瞭燒結過程中 WC異常長大的難題，製備100～200 nm納米硬質閤金，抗彎彊度在5000 MPa以上，使用性能優于亞微或超細晶硬質閤金，已用于生產。利用“納米顆粒溶解法”製備的超粗晶硬質閤金晶粒度可達12μm；而含有納米Co2 W4 C增彊相的超粗晶硬質閤金產品，使用壽命比普通閤金產品提高瞭2～3倍。塗層材料納米化，是硬質閤金工具的一箇髮展方嚮，在耐磨性、硬度和抗裂紋擴展方麵有明顯優勢，加工工件錶麵質量更好，工具使用壽命更長。
WC정립불단세화시경질합금발전적일개중요특정。종경질합금적납미원료、납미경질합금、납미재료조장혹증강초조정경질합금이급경질합금적납미도층재료등4개방면논술료납미재료재경질합금중적응용，착중보도료중국재저사방면적우세。납미립경원료적제비시수요난제，1997년발명적“자오원위환원”기술이용전통공예제비납미、초세탄화오분말，탄화오분적립경가소우20 nm。납미경질합금기술이용저압열등정압혹열등정압，극복료소결과정중 WC이상장대적난제，제비100～200 nm납미경질합금，항만강도재5000 MPa이상，사용성능우우아미혹초세정경질합금，이용우생산。이용“납미과립용해법”제비적초조정경질합금정립도가체12μm；이함유납미Co2 W4 C증강상적초조정경질합금산품，사용수명비보통합금산품제고료2～3배。도층재료납미화，시경질합금공구적일개발전방향，재내마성、경도화항렬문확전방면유명현우세，가공공건표면질량경호，공구사용수명경장。
An important feature of hardmetals'development is related with the WC grain which has been steadily getting smaller.The application of nanomaterials on hardmetals was introduced and reviewed , mainly in aspects of nanomaterials for preparing hardmetals, nanoscaled hardmetals, extra-coarse grained hardmetals which WC enlarged by nano powders or binder reinforced with nano particles and nano coating for hardmetal tools .The superiority of these technologies and prod-ucts in China was focused on .The primary problem is about the preparation of nanotungsten materials .Using the conven-tional process, the nano and ultrafine tungsten carbide powders were produced by the technology of ‘violet tungsten oxide's in-situ reduction’ , which was invented in 1997.The particle size of these nona tungsten carbide powders could be less than 20 nm.Avoiding the abnormal growth of WC during the sintering, the nanoscaled hardmetals with grain size of 100~200 nm were manufactured by sinter HIP or HIP.These nanoscaled hardmetals, which have been commercially produc-ted, owned the transversal rupture strength of more than 5 000 MPa and better performances in service than the sub micro or ultrafine hardmetals.The coarse grained hardmetals with grain size up to 12μm were developed by a dissolution method of nanometer powder.Furthermore, the life of the coarse grained hardmetals, with nona-reinforced binder, is dramatically prolonged 2~3 times than that of standard grades .The nano coating is considered as one of the developing orientations for hardmetal tools, which owns excellent wear-resistance, hardness and anti-tearing performance.The special structure of the coating helps promote a longer life of tools and better surface quality of the work pieces .
