CAJ | 학술논문

利用山西省1981～2010年108站的地面降水观测数据，以降水量≥0．1 mm的日数为指标，对山西108个县市不同相态降水的时空分布特征进行了分析，结果表明：五寨（山西西北部）和陵川（山西东南部）平均降雨日数、平均降雪日数、平均雨夹雪日数都位于全省之首；30 a间山西的降雨日数和降雪日数分别以3．333 d/10 a和1．529 d/10 a的趋势减少，而雨夹雪日数则以0．34 d/10 a的趋势增多；山西区域降雪和降雨日数变化趋势的空间分布都具有西部减少趋势高于东部的特征，雨夹雪日数变化趋势的空间分布则具有东部增多趋势高于西部增多趋势的特征；朔州和忻州西部是降雪日数减少趋势最强的区域，运城是降雨日数减少趋势最强的区域，晋城是雨夹雪日数增多趋势最强的区域。应用328个多相态降水过程资料和NCEP再分析资料进行统计分析，结果表明：冷空气侵入导致中低空温度下降，0℃层高度降低是降水相态发生变化的主要原因；-3℃和0℃是山西中南部降水相态转变时850 hPa和925 hPa的临界值；3．5℃则是山西北部和高海拔地区降水相态发生转变时850 hPa温度的临界值；西北路冷空气侵入多相态降水过程，地面冷锋是降水相态的分界线，东路冷空气侵入多相态降水过程，低空切变线则是降水相态的分界线。
이용산서성1981～2010년108참적지면강수관측수거，이강수량≥0．1 mm적일수위지표，대산서108개현시불동상태강수적시공분포특정진행료분석，결과표명：오채（산서서북부）화릉천（산서동남부）평균강우일수、평균강설일수、평균우협설일수도위우전성지수；30 a간산서적강우일수화강설일수분별이3．333 d/10 a화1．529 d/10 a적추세감소，이우협설일수칙이0．34 d/10 a적추세증다；산서구역강설화강우일수변화추세적공간분포도구유서부감소추세고우동부적특정，우협설일수변화추세적공간분포칙구유동부증다추세고우서부증다추세적특정；삭주화흔주서부시강설일수감소추세최강적구역，운성시강우일수감소추세최강적구역，진성시우협설일수증다추세최강적구역。응용328개다상태강수과정자료화NCEP재분석자료진행통계분석，결과표명：랭공기침입도치중저공온도하강，0℃층고도강저시강수상태발생변화적주요원인；-3℃화0℃시산서중남부강수상태전변시850 hPa화925 hPa적림계치；3．5℃칙시산서북부화고해발지구강수상태발생전변시850 hPa온도적림계치；서북로랭공기침입다상태강수과정，지면랭봉시강수상태적분계선，동로랭공기침입다상태강수과정，저공절변선칙시강수상태적분계선。
Based on the ground precipitation data of 108 stations from 1981 to 2010 in Shanxi,the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of different phase precipitation in 108 counties and cities in Shanxi were analyzed.Results show that the average days of rainfall,snowfall and sleet in Wuzhai(in the northwest of Shanxi)and Lingchuan(in the southeast of Shanxi)were most.The rainfall days and snowfall days decreased with the tendency of 3.333 d/10 a and 1.529 d/10 a in recent 30 a in Shanxi,respectively,while the sleet days increased with the tendency of 0.34 d/10 a.The dcreasing trend for both snowfall and rainfall days was higher in the west region than that in the east Shanxi,but for sleet days,the increasing trend was higher in east Shanxi than that in the west region. The decreasing trend of snowfall days was maximum in Shuozhou and the east of Xinzhou,and Yuncheng was the area where the rainfall days’decreasing trend was maximum,Jincheng was the area where the sleet days’increasing trend was strongest.The statistical anal-ysis was made by using 328 multi-phase precipitation processes data and the NCEP reanalyzed data,and the results show that the in-vasion of cold air resulted in the mid-low level’s temperature dropping,and the height of 0 ℃layer descending,which was the main cause of precipitation phase change.The critical temperature that made precipitation phase transition in the south-center of Shanxi on the level of 850 hPa and 925 hP were -3 ℃ and 0 ℃,respectively.While 3.5 ℃ is the critical temperature on 850 hPa that made precipitation phase transition in the north and high elevation area of Shanxi.In the processes that the northwest cold air intruded multi-phase precipitation,the ground cold front was the boundary of the precipitation phase,while in the process that the east cold air in-truded multi-phase precipitation,the low level shear line was the boundary of the precipitation phase.