CAJ | 학술논문

生态系统服务研究虽然起步相对较晚，但在最近的十多年里却取得了长足的发展。通过述评生态系统服务研究的进展与挑战，本文得出了以下几点结论：（1）生态系统服务在生物圈中无处不在，但学术界对它们的认识却不尽相同。为了使得生态系统服务这一概念能够在生态保育和人类福祉评估中发挥重要作用，需要根据研究目的和管理决策的要求对其作出清楚的界定，并且根据所研究的生态系统服务的相关特征对其进行恰当的分类。（2）生态系统服务是人类福祉的源泉，它们具有复杂性、空间尺度、公私物品特征和收益依赖性。认识生态系统服务的这些基本特征是测度、模拟、评价和管理生态系统服务的重要前提。（3）生态系统服务的需求、供给与使用是联系生态系统与人类福祉的不可或缺的重要环节，它们事关生态保育和社会公平等重大问题；为了制定科学的生态系统服务管理决策，需要对它们开展跨学科、跨部门、跨地域的综合研究。（4）生态系统服务具有包括效用价值和非效用价值在内的多重价值属性。在制定生态系统服务管理决策的过程中，各种价值会在一个共同、但并非总是公平的决策平台上相互交叉、补充与制衡。因此，生态系统服务的价值评估应当构建与使用多准则的综合价值评估体系。
생태계통복무연구수연기보상대교만，단재최근적십다년리각취득료장족적발전。통과술평생태계통복무연구적진전여도전，본문득출료이하궤점결론：（1）생태계통복무재생물권중무처불재，단학술계대타문적인식각불진상동。위료사득생태계통복무저일개념능구재생태보육화인류복지평고중발휘중요작용，수요근거연구목적화관리결책적요구대기작출청초적계정，병차근거소연구적생태계통복무적상관특정대기진행흡당적분류。（2）생태계통복무시인류복지적원천，타문구유복잡성、공간척도、공사물품특정화수익의뢰성。인식생태계통복무적저사기본특정시측도、모의、평개화관리생태계통복무적중요전제。（3）생태계통복무적수구、공급여사용시련계생태계통여인류복지적불가혹결적중요배절，타문사관생태보육화사회공평등중대문제；위료제정과학적생태계통복무관리결책，수요대타문개전과학과、과부문、과지역적종합연구。（4）생태계통복무구유포괄효용개치화비효용개치재내적다중개치속성。재제정생태계통복무관리결책적과정중，각충개치회재일개공동、단병비총시공평적결책평태상상호교차、보충여제형。인차，생태계통복무적개치평고응당구건여사용다준칙적종합개치평고체계。
Despite its recency as a research area, ecosystem service research has developed over the last decade into a signiifcant area of science. In this paper we review recent advances and challenges in ecosystem service research. Our review ifnds that (i) Ecosystem services are ubiquitous in biosphere. But they are treated differently among scientific communities. In order for the concept of ecosystem services to make a large and meaningful contribution to conservation and human wel-being, it needs to be clearly deifned and put into a framework so that it is both ift for a given research purpose and operational for management decisions. In addition, there is not one classiifcation scheme for al purposes. Ecosystem services should be classiifed based upon both the characteristics of ecosystem services of interest and a context for which the concept of ecosystem services is being mobilized. (i ) As sources of human wel-being, ecosystem services have several key ecological and economic characteristics such as complexity, spatial scales, public-private goods aspect and benefit dependence. Understanding these characteristics is a prerequisite for measuring, modeling, valuing and managing ecosystem services. (iii) Human demands for ecosystem services and the supply and use of them are three necessary linkages between ecosystems and human well-being. They are of great importance to such vital issues as ecological conservation and social equity. In most cases, integrated studies involving multi-disciplines, multi-sectors and multi-districts on those three linkages should be carried out to support sound ecosystem service management decisions. And (iv) ecosystem services have multiple value attributes including utilitarian values and non-utilitarian values. In the processes of making decisions concerning the use of ecosystem services, al kinds of values are usual y played out on a common and not always level playing ifeld. They intersect and interact in various ways, and may complement or counter-balance each other in assisting decisions. A multi-criteria valuation system should be developed and used to estimate the value of ecosystem services.