CAJ | 학술논문

背景：人的运动能力具有很高的遗传度，随着分子生物学技术和检测方法的发展，体育科研工作者越来越关心基因的变化对优秀运动员运动能力的影响，也逐渐认识到通过基因来预测杰出运动能力的重要价值。 　　目的：对当前基因多态性与杰出运动能力关联研究领域的研究发现和成果进行全面的综述，并对这些研究的共性问题进行阐述，给出今后发展的可能建议。 　　方法：计算机检索PubMed数据库以及中国期刊网全文数据库1998至2013年期间有关杰出运动能力与基因多态性方面的文章。分别以“Elite athlete performance”、“Gene polymorphism”、“Endurance”、“Power”、“Training response”为关键词进行检索，最初检索到150篇中英文文献，最后根据内容纳入80篇文献。 　　结果与结论：当前研究杰出运动能力与基因多态性主要集中在杰出耐力素质、杰出爆发力素质和运动训练敏感性3个方面与基因多态性的关联上。杰出耐力素质相关基因主要有 ACE、线粒体 DNA、PPAR、ADR、GNB3、NRF2等基因；杰出爆发力素质相关基因主要有ACTN3、ACE、GDF-8、IL-6、HIF-1等基因；与运动训练敏感性相关的基因主要有 HBB、TFAM、NRF2、AR、FECH 等基因。近年来杰出运动能力相关基因多态性的研究大量出现，但仍存在着一些不足，如样本量较小、研究对象涉及人种较为单一等。将众多研究得到的理论成果可以通过建立某些算法和模型应用到运动员基因选材中。
배경：인적운동능력구유흔고적유전도，수착분자생물학기술화검측방법적발전，체육과연공작자월래월관심기인적변화대우수운동원운동능력적영향，야축점인식도통과기인래예측걸출운동능력적중요개치。 　　목적：대당전기인다태성여걸출운동능력관련연구영역적연구발현화성과진행전면적종술，병대저사연구적공성문제진행천술，급출금후발전적가능건의。 　　방법：계산궤검색PubMed수거고이급중국기간망전문수거고1998지2013년기간유관걸출운동능력여기인다태성방면적문장。분별이“Elite athlete performance”、“Gene polymorphism”、“Endurance”、“Power”、“Training response”위관건사진행검색，최초검색도150편중영문문헌，최후근거내용납입80편문헌。 　　결과여결론：당전연구걸출운동능력여기인다태성주요집중재걸출내력소질、걸출폭발력소질화운동훈련민감성3개방면여기인다태성적관련상。걸출내력소질상관기인주요유 ACE、선립체 DNA、PPAR、ADR、GNB3、NRF2등기인；걸출폭발력소질상관기인주요유ACTN3、ACE、GDF-8、IL-6、HIF-1등기인；여운동훈련민감성상관적기인주요유 HBB、TFAM、NRF2、AR、FECH 등기인。근년래걸출운동능력상관기인다태성적연구대량출현，단잉존재착일사불족，여양본량교소、연구대상섭급인충교위단일등。장음다연구득도적이론성과가이통과건립모사산법화모형응용도운동원기인선재중。
BACKGROUND:Human has a high level heritability in physical performance. With the development of technology and test method in molecular biology, the researchers of sport science are concerned with the influence of gene variation on the elite athlete performance. They begin to know the important value of gene on predicting the physical performance. OBJECTIVE:To review the research results in the field of gene polymorphisms and elite athlete performance and to expatiate the problems in these researches, thereby offering some proposals. METHODS:A computer-based online research of PubMed and CNKI databases was performed to col ect articles published from 1998 to 2013 with the key words“elite athlete performance, gene polymorphisms, endurance, power, training response”in Chinese and English. There were 150 articles after the initial survey. A total of 80 articles were included according inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The researches of this field are mainly focused on the three aspects:elite endurance performance, elite power performance, and training response, which are associated with gene polymorphisms. The main genes related to elite endurance performance are ACE, mtDNA, PPAR, ADR, GNB3, NRF2, etc. The main genes related to elite power performance are ACTN3, ACE, GDF-8, IL-6, HIF-1, etc. The main genes related to training response are HBB, TFAM, NRF2, AR, FECH, etc. Several gaps in the current researches have been identified including smal sample size of most athletic cohorts, lack of corroboration with replication cohorts of different ethnic backgrounds. The numerous research findings can be applied to the gene selection of athletes by creating some kinds of algorithms and models.