CAJ | 학술논문

利用站点观测、历史天气图和NCEP/NCAR的再分析资料，对近40年（1971-2010年）山东近海强南向大风的气候特征和温带气旋造成强南向大风的因素进行了分析。通过统计山东沿海6个代表站点40年的7级以上南向大风，表明：近40年山东近海强南向大风年日数基本呈逐渐减少的趋势，1991年以后年大风日数明显减少，强南向大风主要出现在春季和夏初；统计2000-2010年山东近海强南向大风的个例，发现，温带气旋造成山东近海强南向大风可分为北方气旋（蒙古气旋、黄河气旋）和南方气旋（江淮气旋、黄淮气旋）。分析两类气旋造成强南向大风的因素表明：气压梯度、850 hPa及以下急流和850 hPa暖平流是造成强南向大风的重要因子，3小时变压、500 hPa高空急流和暖平流是次要因子，但气旋在地面气压场配置、3小时变压分布、低空暖平流强弱等方面存在差异。
이용참점관측、역사천기도화NCEP/NCAR적재분석자료，대근40년（1971-2010년）산동근해강남향대풍적기후특정화온대기선조성강남향대풍적인소진행료분석。통과통계산동연해6개대표참점40년적7급이상남향대풍，표명：근40년산동근해강남향대풍년일수기본정축점감소적추세，1991년이후년대풍일수명현감소，강남향대풍주요출현재춘계화하초；통계2000-2010년산동근해강남향대풍적개례，발현，온대기선조성산동근해강남향대풍가분위북방기선（몽고기선、황하기선）화남방기선（강회기선、황회기선）。분석량류기선조성강남향대풍적인소표명：기압제도、850 hPa급이하급류화850 hPa난평류시조성강남향대풍적중요인자，3소시변압、500 hPa고공급류화난평류시차요인자，단기선재지면기압장배치、3소시변압분포、저공난평류강약등방면존재차이。
Based on in-situ observations,weather charts and NCEP/NCAR daily reanalysis data, the characteristics of strong southerly winds caused by extratropical cyclones during the recent 40 years (1971 to 2010) over the Shandong offshore are analyzed. The results show that the number of days of strong southerly winds over the Shandong offshore in the recent 40 years has a gradually decreasing trend.After 1991, strong southerly wind days every year significantly are reduced. The strong southerly winds occur mainly in spring and early summer. Extratropical cyclone weather systems causing strong southerly winds over the Shandong offshore are divided into northern cyclones (Mongolia cyclone, the Yellow River cyclone) and southern cyclones (Jianghuai cyclone, Huang Huai cyclone). The pressure gradient, the low air jet under 850 hPa and the 850 hPa warm advection show important effects to strong southerly winds caused by extratropical cyclones. The 3 hour variable pressure, the upper air jet at 500 hPa and the 500 hPa warm advection show less important effects. But the distribution of surface pressure, the 3 hour variable pressure and the strength of the low warm air have differences.