CAJ | 학술논문

为探索不同植物凋落物对土法冶炼铅锌废渣的改良效果，分析了废渣分别与等质量刺槐、柳杉、构树、芦竹和三叶草凋落物共培养90 d 后的 pH、可溶性盐含量、氧化还原电位、含水量、养分含量、酶活性和重金属释放量。结果表明：1）不同凋落物均可大幅度提高废渣的含水量，柳杉效果最佳，含水量依次为柳杉＞芦竹＞刺槐＞构树＞三叶草＞对照，但对废渣的 pH、可溶性盐含量和氧化还原电位影响较小；2）不同凋落物均可不同程度提高氮、磷总量及其有效态含量和有机质含量，其中三叶草处理的有效氮和有效磷含量最高，分别为99．87 mg／kg 和38．4 mg／kg，远高于对照23．8 mg／kg（有效氮）和19．6 mg／kg（有效磷），芦竹和三叶草处理的有机质含量相当，分别为141．28 g／kg 和140．71 g／kg。废渣中的有机质含量整体偏高，这可能是因为废渣中含有燃烧不完全的碳（煤）；3）过氧化氢酶活性较对照略有提高，芦竹和三叶草处理较好，脲酶活性较对照[38．75 mg／（kg·h）]极显著提高，且三叶草和构树处理极显著高于其他处理，分别为112．75 mg／（kg·h）和104．4 mg／（kg·h）；4）不同凋落物处理均极显著降低了 Zn、Pb、Cd 和 Cu（除柳杉外）的释放量。其中，构树处理效果最好，Zn、Pb 和 Cd 释放量分别为0．71 mg／L、3．77μg／L 和23．4μg／L，极显著低于其他处理；Cu 释放量为7．86μg／L，显著低于对照。结论：植物凋落物能有效抑制铅锌冶炼废渣中重金属等有毒有害污染物的释放，并能显著提高铅锌冶炼废渣的生态恢复性能。
위탐색불동식물조락물대토법야련연자폐사적개량효과，분석료폐사분별여등질량자괴、류삼、구수、호죽화삼협초조락물공배양90 d 후적 pH、가용성염함량、양화환원전위、함수량、양분함량、매활성화중금속석방량。결과표명：1）불동조락물균가대폭도제고폐사적함수량，류삼효과최가，함수량의차위류삼＞호죽＞자괴＞구수＞삼협초＞대조，단대폐사적 pH、가용성염함량화양화환원전위영향교소；2）불동조락물균가불동정도제고담、린총량급기유효태함량화유궤질함량，기중삼협초처리적유효담화유효린함량최고，분별위99．87 mg／kg 화38．4 mg／kg，원고우대조23．8 mg／kg（유효담）화19．6 mg／kg（유효린），호죽화삼협초처리적유궤질함량상당，분별위141．28 g／kg 화140．71 g／kg。폐사중적유궤질함량정체편고，저가능시인위폐사중함유연소불완전적탄（매）；3）과양화경매활성교대조략유제고，호죽화삼협초처리교호，뇨매활성교대조[38．75 mg／（kg·h）]겁현저제고，차삼협초화구수처리겁현저고우기타처리，분별위112．75 mg／（kg·h）화104．4 mg／（kg·h）；4）불동조락물처리균겁현저강저료 Zn、Pb、Cd 화 Cu（제류삼외）적석방량。기중，구수처리효과최호，Zn、Pb 화 Cd 석방량분별위0．71 mg／L、3．77μg／L 화23．4μg／L，겁현저저우기타처리；Cu 석방량위7．86μg／L，현저저우대조。결론：식물조락물능유효억제연자야련폐사중중금속등유독유해오염물적석방，병능현저제고연자야련폐사적생태회복성능。
To explore the improvement effects of different plant litters on indigenous lead-zinc smelting slag,pH,soluble salt content,redox potential,moisture content,nutrient content,enzymatic activity and heavy metal release amount in smelting slag were analyzed,which was co-cultured with equal mass of litters of Robinia pseudoacacia ,Cryptomeria fortune ,Broussonetia papyrifera ,Arundo donax and Trifolium for 90 days.Results:1)All litters could raise the moisture content in the slag,C.fortune was of the best performance,which followed the sequence of C.fortune >A.donax >R.pseudoacacia >B.papyrifera > Trifolium > CK.While pH,soluble salt content and redox potential were slightly influenced;2)Contents of total N,total P,available N,available P and organic manure were enhanced in varying degrees,the contents of available N and available P were the highest in treatment Trifolium, respectively 99.87 mg/kg and 38.4 mg/kg,well above the control,23.8 mg/kg(available N)and 19.6 mg/kg(available P).OM content of treatment A.donax was similar to treatment Trifolium,respectively 141.28 g/kg and 140.71 g/kg.The generally higher OM content mainly because of the residue carbon (coal)in the slag;3)The catalase activity was slightly higher than the control,and treatment A.donax and Trifolium had the better performance,urease activity was very significantly higher than the control [38.75 mg/(kg h)],treatment Trifolium and B.papyrifera were very significantly higher than other treatments,112.75 mg/(kg h)and 104.4 mg/(kg h)respectively;4)Release amount of Zn,Pb,Cd and Cu(except C.fortune)was very significantly decreased,B.papyrifera had the best performance,the release amount of Zn,Pb and Cd of which was respectively 0.71 mg/L,3.77μg/L and 23.4 μg/L, extremely lower than other treatments;Cu release amount was 7.86 μg/L,significantly lower than the control.Conclusion:plant litters could effectively inhibit the release of heavy metals from indigenous lead-zinc smelting slag,and significantly enhance the ecological restorability.