航天返回与遥感
航天返迴與遙感
항천반회여요감
SPACECRAFT RECOVERY & REMOTE SENSING
2014年
2期
31-38
,共8页
返回舱%动稳定特性%亚跨超声速风洞试验%航天器
返迴艙%動穩定特性%亞跨超聲速風洞試驗%航天器
반회창%동은정특성%아과초성속풍동시험%항천기
reentry capsule%dynamic stability characteristics%sub-,trans-and super-sonic wind tunnel test%spacecraft
在“阿波罗”、“联盟号”和“海盗号”等返回舱与行星探测器研发阶段，动稳定特性严重影响着降落伞系统与控制系统的设计。文章采用风洞自由振动试验方法，研究有/无前端框两种返回舱外形的动稳定特性。试验结果表明：两种返回舱外形动稳定导数的量级在全马赫数范围内都很小，在亚、跨声速，甚至超声速范围均出现动不稳定现象。该现象与返回舱分离区绕流特性密切相关。返回舱的动稳定导数随攻角的起伏变化很大，具有很强的非线性特征。在亚声速和跨声速范围，返回舱的动稳定性呈现明显的极限环振动特性。有/无前端框模型的试验结果对比表明：有前端框模型和无前端框模型动稳定性规律比较接近，但是由于前端框表面绕流影响，无前端框模型的稳定性比有前端框模型要稍差一些。
在“阿波囉”、“聯盟號”和“海盜號”等返迴艙與行星探測器研髮階段，動穩定特性嚴重影響著降落傘繫統與控製繫統的設計。文章採用風洞自由振動試驗方法，研究有/無前耑框兩種返迴艙外形的動穩定特性。試驗結果錶明：兩種返迴艙外形動穩定導數的量級在全馬赫數範圍內都很小，在亞、跨聲速，甚至超聲速範圍均齣現動不穩定現象。該現象與返迴艙分離區繞流特性密切相關。返迴艙的動穩定導數隨攻角的起伏變化很大，具有很彊的非線性特徵。在亞聲速和跨聲速範圍，返迴艙的動穩定性呈現明顯的極限環振動特性。有/無前耑框模型的試驗結果對比錶明：有前耑框模型和無前耑框模型動穩定性規律比較接近，但是由于前耑框錶麵繞流影響，無前耑框模型的穩定性比有前耑框模型要稍差一些。
재“아파라”、“련맹호”화“해도호”등반회창여행성탐측기연발계단，동은정특성엄중영향착강락산계통여공제계통적설계。문장채용풍동자유진동시험방법，연구유/무전단광량충반회창외형적동은정특성。시험결과표명：량충반회창외형동은정도수적량급재전마혁수범위내도흔소，재아、과성속，심지초성속범위균출현동불은정현상。해현상여반회창분리구요류특성밀절상관。반회창적동은정도수수공각적기복변화흔대，구유흔강적비선성특정。재아성속화과성속범위，반회창적동은정성정현명현적겁한배진동특성。유/무전단광모형적시험결과대비표명：유전단광모형화무전단광모형동은정성규률비교접근，단시유우전단광표면요류영향，무전단광모형적은정성비유전단광모형요초차일사。
In the development phase of reentry capsules and planetary entry probes, like Apollo, Soyuz and Viking, the dynamic stability characteristics has to be investigated, as it has strong influence on the design of descent subsystem (parachute), and possibly the reaction control system (RCS). Wind-tunnel test investigations have been made to determine the dynamic stability characteristics of two reentry capsule configurations by using a free-oscillation technique, i.e., a capsule type which has a blunted forebody followed by a conical boattail with/without cylindrical base. Test results indicate that the dynamic stability derivatives of the two reentry capsule configurations are small at all the Mach numbers, while the dynamic unstability in pitch direction in sub-, trans-and even supersonic Mach number range. This behavior seems to be closely related to circumferential flow at separation zone. The dynamic stability devivatives of the two capsules display large changes with angle of attack and Mach number, presenting strong non-linear characteristics, which turned out limited cycle motion. Results of the configuration with/without cylindrical base tests indicated that the dynamic stability characteristic trends of the two type capsule configurations are similar, but the dynamic stability of the configuration with cylindrical base results a little better due to flow reattachment effects occurring on the cylinder surface of the capsules.
