农业科学与技术（英文版）
農業科學與技術（英文版）
농업과학여기술（영문판）
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
2014年
2期
269-274
,共6页
荷花%访花昆虫%日活动规律%群落多样性%蜜蜂授粉
荷花%訪花昆蟲%日活動規律%群落多樣性%蜜蜂授粉
하화%방화곤충%일활동규률%군락다양성%밀봉수분
Nelumbo nucifera%Flower-visiting insect%Daily activity%Community di-versity%Bee pol ination
[目的]旨在探明赣湘鄂三省主产区籽莲访花昆虫种类、数量以及访花昆虫群落结构。[方法]采用样地调查法及定点网捕法先后在江西省石城县、湖南省临湘市、湖北省咸宁市、华中农业大学荷花园调查荷花访花昆虫种类和数量，并采用多样性指数（H′），均匀度指数（ J）和优势集中性指数（ C）进行多样性分析。[结果]①荷花主要传粉昆虫为膜翅目昆虫，西方蜜蜂，中华蜜蜂、中华木蜂、紫木蜂和黄胸木蜂；②温度是影响荷花访花昆虫采集活动的主要因素；③荷花主要传粉昆虫的日活动规律为单峰型和双峰型，黄胸木蜂和中华木蜂呈现双峰型，西方蜜蜂、中华蜜蜂和紫木峰呈现单峰型；④湖南临湘和湖北咸宁调查地野生传粉昆虫比例仅为20.59%，3.90%，访花昆虫种类分别为6种和3种；江西石城和华中农业大学野生传粉昆虫比例为55.61%，90.40%，访花昆虫种类为13种和12种；⑤各样点荷花访花昆虫群落的多样性指数和均匀度指数特征值为江西石城县>华中农大荷花园>湖南临湘>湖北咸宁，优势集中性指数的特征值比较为江西石城县<华中农大荷花园<湖南临湘<湖北咸宁，各调查点的多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数表现一致。[结论]不同生态区域荷花访花昆虫种类和数量不同，湖南临湘和湖北咸宁野生传粉昆虫数量稀少，荷花增产丰收必须依靠蜜蜂授粉。
[目的]旨在探明贛湘鄂三省主產區籽蓮訪花昆蟲種類、數量以及訪花昆蟲群落結構。[方法]採用樣地調查法及定點網捕法先後在江西省石城縣、湖南省臨湘市、湖北省鹹寧市、華中農業大學荷花園調查荷花訪花昆蟲種類和數量，併採用多樣性指數（H′），均勻度指數（ J）和優勢集中性指數（ C）進行多樣性分析。[結果]①荷花主要傳粉昆蟲為膜翅目昆蟲，西方蜜蜂，中華蜜蜂、中華木蜂、紫木蜂和黃胸木蜂；②溫度是影響荷花訪花昆蟲採集活動的主要因素；③荷花主要傳粉昆蟲的日活動規律為單峰型和雙峰型，黃胸木蜂和中華木蜂呈現雙峰型，西方蜜蜂、中華蜜蜂和紫木峰呈現單峰型；④湖南臨湘和湖北鹹寧調查地野生傳粉昆蟲比例僅為20.59%，3.90%，訪花昆蟲種類分彆為6種和3種；江西石城和華中農業大學野生傳粉昆蟲比例為55.61%，90.40%，訪花昆蟲種類為13種和12種；⑤各樣點荷花訪花昆蟲群落的多樣性指數和均勻度指數特徵值為江西石城縣>華中農大荷花園>湖南臨湘>湖北鹹寧，優勢集中性指數的特徵值比較為江西石城縣<華中農大荷花園<湖南臨湘<湖北鹹寧，各調查點的多樣性指數、均勻度指數和豐富度指數錶現一緻。[結論]不同生態區域荷花訪花昆蟲種類和數量不同，湖南臨湘和湖北鹹寧野生傳粉昆蟲數量稀少，荷花增產豐收必鬚依靠蜜蜂授粉。
[목적]지재탐명공상악삼성주산구자련방화곤충충류、수량이급방화곤충군락결구。[방법]채용양지조사법급정점망포법선후재강서성석성현、호남성림상시、호북성함저시、화중농업대학하화완조사하화방화곤충충류화수량，병채용다양성지수（H′），균균도지수（ J）화우세집중성지수（ C）진행다양성분석。[결과]①하화주요전분곤충위막시목곤충，서방밀봉，중화밀봉、중화목봉、자목봉화황흉목봉；②온도시영향하화방화곤충채집활동적주요인소；③하화주요전분곤충적일활동규률위단봉형화쌍봉형，황흉목봉화중화목봉정현쌍봉형，서방밀봉、중화밀봉화자목봉정현단봉형；④호남림상화호북함저조사지야생전분곤충비례부위20.59%，3.90%，방화곤충충류분별위6충화3충；강서석성화화중농업대학야생전분곤충비례위55.61%，90.40%，방화곤충충류위13충화12충；⑤각양점하화방화곤충군락적다양성지수화균균도지수특정치위강서석성현>화중농대하화완>호남림상>호북함저，우세집중성지수적특정치비교위강서석성현<화중농대하화완<호남림상<호북함저，각조사점적다양성지수、균균도지수화봉부도지수표현일치。[결론]불동생태구역하화방화곤충충류화수량불동，호남림상화호북함저야생전분곤충수량희소，하화증산봉수필수의고밀봉수분。
[Objective]This study aimed to investigate the community structure, species and quantities of flower-visiting insects of seed lotus in main producing ar-eas of Jiangxi, Hunan and Hubei provinces. [Method] Using sample area survey and netting method in the fixed points to investigate species and quantities of Asian sacred lotus, the species diversity of different locations was evaluated by diversity indices (H′), evenness indices (J) and dominant concentration indices (C). [Result] Apis mel ifera, Apis cerana cerana, Xylocopa (Koptortosoma) sinensis, Xylocopa (s.str.) valga and Xylocopa (Al oxylocopa) appendiculata, al of which belong to order Hy-menoptera were the main pol inators of lotus. Temperature was the main factor which influenced the foraging behaviors of flower-visiting insects. The daily activities of X. (s.str.) valga and X. (Al oxylocopa) appendiculata were bimodal, and that of A. mel-lifera, A. cerana cerana and X. (s.str.) valga were unimodal. The percentage of wild pol inators in Linxiang of Hunan Province and Xianning of Hubei Province were only 20.59% and 3.90% respectively, and there were six species of flower-visiting insects in Linxiang and three in Xianning. The percentages of wild pol inators in Shicheng of Jiangxi Province and the lotus garden in Huazhong Agricultural University were 55.61% and 90.40% respectively, and the flower-visiting insects belonged to 13 and 12 species respectively. The diversity index (H′) and evenness index (J) were listed here in a decreasing order: Shicheng of Jiangxi >lotus garden in Huazhong Agricul-tural University>Linxiang of Hunan >Xianning of Hubei. The sequence of dominant concentration indices (C) was Shicheng of Jiangxi <the lotus garden in Huazhong Agricultural University<Linxiang of Hunan<Xianning of Hubei. The diversity indices (H′), evenness indices (J) and dominant concentration indices (C) of each sample location were consistent. [Conclusion] The species and quantities of Asian sacred lotus vary in different ecological areas. The species and quantities of Linxiang in Hunan Province and Xianning in Hubei Province are rare. The increase of lotus production must depend on bee pol ination.
