CAJ | 학술논문

为给小麦高产栽培和秸秆科学还田提供理论依据，通过2年的定位试验，比较研究了稻麦两熟条件下麦草单季还田（WS）、稻草单季还田（RS）以及稻麦秸秆双季还田（WR）对小麦群体碳氮转运、产量构成及品质形成的影响。结果表明，秸秆还田提高了小麦植株花前贮藏氮素转运量及其对籽粒氮素的贡献率，对小麦籽粒氮素贡献率达到80％以上。秸秆还田条件下，小麦茎鞘花前可溶性总糖转运量对籽粒淀粉产量的贡献率（ PSGS）下降，叶片的PSGS提高，小麦地上部营养器官PSGS总体表现为下降趋势。秸秆还田处理对小麦产量构成因子有显著影响，有效穗数下降，但穗粒数和千粒质量增加，从而弥补了有效穗数下降对产量的损失，使得最终的实际产量并未呈现出显著下降。成熟期小麦籽粒蛋白质含量在秸秆还田条件下提高，而淀粉含量降低，其中直链淀粉含量变化不显著，支链淀粉含量显著下降是导致总淀粉含量下降的主要原因。
위급소맥고산재배화갈간과학환전제공이론의거，통과2년적정위시험，비교연구료도맥량숙조건하맥초단계환전（WS）、도초단계환전（RS）이급도맥갈간쌍계환전（WR）대소맥군체탄담전운、산량구성급품질형성적영향。결과표명，갈간환전제고료소맥식주화전저장담소전운량급기대자립담소적공헌솔，대소맥자립담소공헌솔체도80％이상。갈간환전조건하，소맥경초화전가용성총당전운량대자립정분산량적공헌솔（ PSGS）하강，협편적PSGS제고，소맥지상부영양기관PSGS총체표현위하강추세。갈간환전처리대소맥산량구성인자유현저영향，유효수수하강，단수립수화천립질량증가，종이미보료유효수수하강대산량적손실，사득최종적실제산량병미정현출현저하강。성숙기소맥자립단백질함량재갈간환전조건하제고，이정분함량강저，기중직련정분함량변화불현저，지련정분함량현저하강시도치총정분함량하강적주요원인。
In order to provide theoretical basis for high-yield wheat cultivation and scientific straw-returning , the experiment was conducted under field condition for two consecutive years .To investigate the effects of straw-re-turning on carbon and nitrogen assimilate translocation ,wheat yield components and quality formation ,an experiment of 4 treatments (Rice-straw,RS and wheat-straw,WS returning in single season ,rice-wheat straw,WR returning in double season and no straw application , CK ) were executed under rice-wheat double cropping system .Results showed that straw-returning increased the redistribution amount of nitrogen accumulated pre-anthesis and the contri-bution of nitrogen accumulated pre-anthesis to grains ,and the contribution rate exceeded 80%.Straw-returning de-creased the contribution percentage of total soluble sugar remobilization quantity to grain starch yield ( PSGS) in the vegetative organs to the grain ,but increased the PSGS in leaves while decreased the PSGS in sheathes and stems . Grain yield components were essentially altered by straw-returning .There were a decrease of effective panicle num-ber and an incerease of kernel per spike and weight of 1000 kernels,resulting in a slight but not significant decrease in grain yield .Under straw-returning ,mature grains had an increase of protein content and a decrease of starch con-tent.The main reason for decrease in total starch content is that straw-returning significantly decreased the amyl-opectin content but had no effects on the amylose content .