CAJ | 학술논문

研究了太原市灰霾发生期间大气PM2.5质量浓度和化学成分变化规律.采样时间为2011年12月27日16：00~2012年1月3日04：00,使用TH-150C中流量大气PM2.5采样器(采样膜为直径90mm的石英纤维滤膜)在山西大学环境科学研究所5层楼顶每隔4h采样一次,得到灰霾样品34个,非灰霾样品5个.采样期间对大气PM2.5质量浓度进行实时监测.结果表明：灰霾期间(初起、进展、鼎盛、减弱4个阶段)大气PM2.5平均浓度达(692±272)μg/m3,是非灰霾期间(即灰霾消失阶段)(54±12)μg/m3的12.8倍；在灰霾发生期间,大气PM2.5中Hg、Pb、As等重金属污染物、OC以及水溶性无机离子SO42-、NO3-、NH4+、K+、Cl-、F-浓度呈现相似的变化趋势,即在灰霾初起、进展阶段不断增加,在灰霾鼎盛期达到最大值,随后随着灰霾的减弱和消失而不断下降,最终降到一个较低的水平；而与燃煤关系不大的Zn元素、Ca2+、Mg2+等在灰霾各个时期浓度变化较小.以上结果说明冬季灰霾天气使太原市大气PM2.5浓度显著上升,并增加PM2.5中重金属、有机物和二次气溶胶含量,使其化学成分发生改变,同时也反映了冬季燃煤和生物质燃烧对太原市大气PM2.5的化学组成影响大于交通源和土壤扬尘.
연구료태원시회매발생기간대기PM2.5질량농도화화학성분변화규률.채양시간위2011년12월27일16：00~2012년1월3일04：00,사용TH-150C중류량대기PM2.5채양기(채양막위직경90mm적석영섬유려막)재산서대학배경과학연구소5층루정매격4h채양일차,득도회매양품34개,비회매양품5개.채양기간대대기PM2.5질량농도진행실시감측.결과표명：회매기간(초기、진전、정성、감약4개계단)대기PM2.5평균농도체(692±272)μg/m3,시비회매기간(즉회매소실계단)(54±12)μg/m3적12.8배；재회매발생기간,대기PM2.5중Hg、Pb、As등중금속오염물、OC이급수용성무궤리자SO42-、NO3-、NH4+、K+、Cl-、F-농도정현상사적변화추세,즉재회매초기、진전계단불단증가,재회매정성기체도최대치,수후수착회매적감약화소실이불단하강,최종강도일개교저적수평；이여연매관계불대적Zn원소、Ca2+、Mg2+등재회매각개시기농도변화교소.이상결과설명동계회매천기사태원시대기PM2.5농도현저상승,병증가PM2.5중중금속、유궤물화이차기용효함량,사기화학성분발생개변,동시야반영료동계연매화생물질연소대태원시대기PM2.5적화학조성영향대우교통원화토양양진.
The aim of this study is to investigate the mass concentration and chemical compositions of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at different stage during a typical urban haze episode in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China. The PM2.5 samples were collected every four hours at a five-story building in Shanxi University using a medium-volume PM2.5 impactor at a flow rate of 100L/min from 4p.m. on Dec. 27, 2011 to 4a.m. on Jan. 3, 2012 when a typical haze event occurred. Overall 39 samples were obtained at different haze stages, namely infancy, development, peak, decay, and disappearance. The mass concentrations of ambient PM2.5 were measured and the heavy metals, water-soluble ions, and organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in all samples were detected, respectively. Results showed that during the haze event, the mean concentration of ambient PM2.5 was (692±272)μg/m3 (about 12.8 times higher than that when haze disappeared) and the levels of OC, Hg, As, Pb, NH4+, SO42-, NO3-, Cl-, F-, and K+were significantly elevated while the levels of Zn, Ca2+, and Mg2+ were increased slightly. It indicated that secondary aerosols and organic matter had been formed abundantly and suggested that coal and biomass combustion contributed more to the haze formation than traffic vehicles, soil, and construction dust. It was concluded that coal and biomass burning in winter in Taiyuan was the main factor responsible for the elevation of atmospheric PM2.5 concentration and made more influences on modification of PM2.5 in compositions when haze occurred.