CAJ | 학술논문

针对水氮互作提高限量灌溉玉米水分利用效率理论依据薄弱问题,通过田间试验,设置了不同水氮处理,研究了绿洲灌区不同灌水量和施氮组合对玉米光合特性及叶水势日变化的影响,以期为干旱地区以氮调水、提高作物水分利用效率提供依据。结果表明：玉米的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、叶水势均随灌水量的增加而提高,但叶片WUE 随灌水量的增加而降低。在同一灌水量下,360 kg/hm2的施氮量有利于提高玉米叶片的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和叶片WUE ,施氮量达到540 kg/hm2时玉米的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度较360 kg/hm2施氮处理呈下降趋势。适于玉米高效进行光合作用的施氮量在360~540 kg/hm2之间。在低灌水量(5700 m3/hm2)的条件下,增施氮肥降低了叶水势；灌水量增加时,玉米叶水势随氮肥施用量的增加而提高。灌水量和施氮量对玉米净光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶水势、WUE 的互作效应明显,但二者对气孔导度的互作效应不显著；施氮量对WUE 的影响大于灌水量的影响,水分胁迫导致玉米净光合速率和水分利用效率的降低可通过增施氮肥得到部分补偿。水氮协同调控是优化玉米光合特性的可行途径。
침대수담호작제고한량관개옥미수분이용효솔이론의거박약문제,통과전간시험,설치료불동수담처리,연구료록주관구불동관수량화시담조합대옥미광합특성급협수세일변화적영향,이기위간한지구이담조수、제고작물수분이용효솔제공의거。결과표명：옥미적정광합속솔、증등속솔、기공도도、협수세균수관수량적증가이제고,단협편WUE 수관수량적증가이강저。재동일관수량하,360 kg/hm2적시담량유리우제고옥미협편적광합속솔、증등속솔、기공도도화협편WUE ,시담량체도540 kg/hm2시옥미적광합속솔、증등속솔、기공도도교360 kg/hm2시담처리정하강추세。괄우옥미고효진행광합작용적시담량재360~540 kg/hm2지간。재저관수량(5700 m3/hm2)적조건하,증시담비강저료협수세；관수량증가시,옥미협수세수담비시용량적증가이제고。관수량화시담량대옥미정광합속솔、증등속솔、협수세、WUE 적호작효응명현,단이자대기공도도적호작효응불현저；시담량대WUE 적영향대우관수량적영향,수분협박도치옥미정광합속솔화수분이용효솔적강저가통과증시담비득도부분보상。수담협동조공시우화옥미광합특성적가행도경。
In order to provide a basis for improving crop water use efficiency through water and nitro-gen interaction,the effects of different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer combinations on photosynthetic characteristics and diurnal changes of leaf water potential of maize in oasis irrigation area was studied through field test.Results show that all of the NET photosynthetic rate of corn (P n ),tanspiration rate (T r ),stomatal conductance(Cond),leaf water potential(LWP )increased with the increasing of irrigation. But the WUE of leaf decreased with the increasing of irrigation.Under the same irrigation amount,applying with 360 kg/hm2 nitrogen enhanced NET photosynthetic rate,tanspiration rate,stomatal conductance and WUE of leaves,which were all decreased when applying with 540 kg/hm2 nitrogen.Suitable nitrogen a-mount for high photosynthesis of maize was 360~540 kg/hm2 .Under low irrigation amount,increasing ni-trogen amount could reduce leaf water potential.But with the improvement of irrigation,leaf water poten-tial increased with the increasing of nitrogen application.The interaction effects of irrigation and nitrogen on corn's net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and the leaf water potential and WUE effects were all significant,which on stomatal conductance was not obvious.Effect of nitrogen on WUE was greater than water.The decrease of net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency lead by water stress could be equal-ized partly by increasing nitrogen application.This suggested that water and nitrogen intermediation was the feasible method to optimize the photosynthetic characteristics of maize.