CAJ | 학술논문

为探明在旱作雨养农业条件下不同耕作措施对小麦水分利用机制的影响，依托长期定位大田试验，于2012年比较研究了传统耕作(T)、免耕(NT)、免耕秸秆覆盖(NTS)和免耕地膜覆盖(NTP)条件下春小麦的阶段耗水量、抽穗期和灌浆期7∶00时旗叶水势和各土壤层次的水分含量随不同生育期的变化及其对水分利用效率的影响.结果表明：免耕秸秆处理(NTS)相对于传统耕作处理(T)能提高全生育期0~30 cm的土壤含水量和全生育期的作物耗水量(较传统耕作(T)提高5.45%)，免耕秸秆覆盖(NTS)处理的抽穗期和灌浆期的7∶00时旗叶水势相对于传统耕作(T)增加6.2%和4.6%，水分利用效率和籽粒产量高于传统耕作(T)处理11.2%和17.3%.采用免耕秸秆覆盖在增加作物耗水量的同时也提高了作物产量，所以免耕秸秆覆盖处理的水分利用效率最高.因此，在本试验条件下实施免耕秸秆覆盖的保护性耕作措施，有利于作物对有限降水的高效合理利用，提高作物产量.
위탐명재한작우양농업조건하불동경작조시대소맥수분이용궤제적영향，의탁장기정위대전시험，우2012년비교연구료전통경작(T)、면경(NT)、면경갈간복개(NTS)화면경지막복개(NTP)조건하춘소맥적계단모수량、추수기화관장기7∶00시기협수세화각토양층차적수분함량수불동생육기적변화급기대수분이용효솔적영향.결과표명：면경갈간처리(NTS)상대우전통경작처리(T)능제고전생육기0~30 cm적토양함수량화전생육기적작물모수량(교전통경작(T)제고5.45%)，면경갈간복개(NTS)처리적추수기화관장기적7∶00시기협수세상대우전통경작(T)증가6.2%화4.6%，수분이용효솔화자립산량고우전통경작(T)처리11.2%화17.3%.채용면경갈간복개재증가작물모수량적동시야제고료작물산량，소이면경갈간복개처리적수분이용효솔최고.인차，재본시험조건하실시면경갈간복개적보호성경작조시，유리우작물대유한강수적고효합리이용，제고작물산량.
Impacts of tillage treatments on phase and whole crop water use,water consumption intensi-ty,soil water dynamics along 200 cm profile,water potential of flag leaf in heading and filling,grain yield, and water use efficiency were studied based on a long term experiment initiated in 2001,including conven-tional tillage (T),no-tillage (NT),no-till with straw mulching (NTS),no-till with plastic mulching (NTP),to explore mechanism of tillage treatments on wheat water utilization in rain-fed environment,in 2012.Results showed that NTS increased soil water at 30 depth and water consumption (by 5.45%)as compared to T.NTS enhanced water potential at 7∶00 by 6.2% in heading and 4.6% in filling,water use efficiency and grain yield of NTS were 1 1.2% and 17.3% higher as compared to T,respectively.Adoption of NTS in this experiment improved crop water use,as well as grain yield,and resulting in the greatest WUE among treatments.Therefore,adopting NTS in rain-fed areas could enhance effective use of limited rainfall,and boost grain yield.