水生生物学报
水生生物學報
수생생물학보
ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA
2014年
2期
262-271
,共10页
陈乃松%梁勤朗%肖温温%周恒永%马秀丽%赵明
陳迺鬆%樑勤朗%肖溫溫%週恆永%馬秀麗%趙明
진내송%량근랑%초온온%주항영%마수려%조명
大口黑鲈%饲料%蛋白质%必需氨基酸%生长%体组成%免疫指标
大口黑鱸%飼料%蛋白質%必需氨基痠%生長%體組成%免疫指標
대구흑로%사료%단백질%필수안기산%생장%체조성%면역지표
Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)%Diet%Essential amino acid%Protein%Growth%Body composition%Immunological index
为了研究在低蛋白质饲料中补充晶体必需氨基酸对大口黑鲈生长、体组成和免疫指标的影响，根据鱼体的必需氨基酸组成模式设计了7种等能的试验饲料。其中4种饲料(45CP、40CP、35CP 和30CP)的粗蛋白质水平分别为45%、40%、35%和30%，另3种饲料(40AA、35AA和30AA)是在低蛋白质饲料(40CP、35CP和30CP)的基础上添加必需氨基酸，使它们的必需氨基酸含量与45CP(对照组)相一致。用上述饲料对初始体重为(10.13±0.01) g的大口黑鲈进行了89d的饲养试验。饲养试验在室内循环水养殖系统中进行，每种饲料设3个重复，每重复放养30尾鱼。方差分析显示：试验鱼的生长性能、饲料效率、全鱼和肌肉的粗蛋白质含量、成活率以及免疫指标均随着饲料蛋白质含量的降低而显著降低(P<0.05)。添加必需氨基酸的35AA和30AA的饲料效率和蛋白质保留率分别显著高于对应的未添加必需氨基酸的35CP和30CP组(P<0.05)，但仍显著低于45CP组(P<0.05)。40AA的试验鱼血清溶菌酶活性和血清补体活性与45CP组差异不显著(P>0.05)。35AA和30AA组的头肾白细胞呼吸爆发活性显著高于35CP和30CP组(P<0.05)。30AA组的全鱼粗蛋白质含量以及肥满度显著高于30CP(P<0.05)。各组试验鱼的水分和灰分均无显著差异(P>0.05)。回归分析显示：在低蛋白质饲料中补充晶体必需氨基酸对大口黑鲈幼鱼的生长、饲料效率和蛋白质保留率所产生的影响与其引起增加了的饲料蛋白质水平而不是饲料的必需氨基酸水平正相关。研究表明，在低蛋白质饲料中补充的晶体必需氨基酸对大口黑鲈的生长、体组成和免疫指标产生的有益作用不及等量的以蛋白质为来源的必需氨基酸。
為瞭研究在低蛋白質飼料中補充晶體必需氨基痠對大口黑鱸生長、體組成和免疫指標的影響，根據魚體的必需氨基痠組成模式設計瞭7種等能的試驗飼料。其中4種飼料(45CP、40CP、35CP 和30CP)的粗蛋白質水平分彆為45%、40%、35%和30%，另3種飼料(40AA、35AA和30AA)是在低蛋白質飼料(40CP、35CP和30CP)的基礎上添加必需氨基痠，使它們的必需氨基痠含量與45CP(對照組)相一緻。用上述飼料對初始體重為(10.13±0.01) g的大口黑鱸進行瞭89d的飼養試驗。飼養試驗在室內循環水養殖繫統中進行，每種飼料設3箇重複，每重複放養30尾魚。方差分析顯示：試驗魚的生長性能、飼料效率、全魚和肌肉的粗蛋白質含量、成活率以及免疫指標均隨著飼料蛋白質含量的降低而顯著降低(P<0.05)。添加必需氨基痠的35AA和30AA的飼料效率和蛋白質保留率分彆顯著高于對應的未添加必需氨基痠的35CP和30CP組(P<0.05)，但仍顯著低于45CP組(P<0.05)。40AA的試驗魚血清溶菌酶活性和血清補體活性與45CP組差異不顯著(P>0.05)。35AA和30AA組的頭腎白細胞呼吸爆髮活性顯著高于35CP和30CP組(P<0.05)。30AA組的全魚粗蛋白質含量以及肥滿度顯著高于30CP(P<0.05)。各組試驗魚的水分和灰分均無顯著差異(P>0.05)。迴歸分析顯示：在低蛋白質飼料中補充晶體必需氨基痠對大口黑鱸幼魚的生長、飼料效率和蛋白質保留率所產生的影響與其引起增加瞭的飼料蛋白質水平而不是飼料的必需氨基痠水平正相關。研究錶明，在低蛋白質飼料中補充的晶體必需氨基痠對大口黑鱸的生長、體組成和免疫指標產生的有益作用不及等量的以蛋白質為來源的必需氨基痠。
위료연구재저단백질사료중보충정체필수안기산대대구흑로생장、체조성화면역지표적영향，근거어체적필수안기산조성모식설계료7충등능적시험사료。기중4충사료(45CP、40CP、35CP 화30CP)적조단백질수평분별위45%、40%、35%화30%，령3충사료(40AA、35AA화30AA)시재저단백질사료(40CP、35CP화30CP)적기출상첨가필수안기산，사타문적필수안기산함량여45CP(대조조)상일치。용상술사료대초시체중위(10.13±0.01) g적대구흑로진행료89d적사양시험。사양시험재실내순배수양식계통중진행，매충사료설3개중복，매중복방양30미어。방차분석현시：시험어적생장성능、사료효솔、전어화기육적조단백질함량、성활솔이급면역지표균수착사료단백질함량적강저이현저강저(P<0.05)。첨가필수안기산적35AA화30AA적사료효솔화단백질보류솔분별현저고우대응적미첨가필수안기산적35CP화30CP조(P<0.05)，단잉현저저우45CP조(P<0.05)。40AA적시험어혈청용균매활성화혈청보체활성여45CP조차이불현저(P>0.05)。35AA화30AA조적두신백세포호흡폭발활성현저고우35CP화30CP조(P<0.05)。30AA조적전어조단백질함량이급비만도현저고우30CP(P<0.05)。각조시험어적수분화회분균무현저차이(P>0.05)。회귀분석현시：재저단백질사료중보충정체필수안기산대대구흑로유어적생장、사료효솔화단백질보류솔소산생적영향여기인기증가료적사료단백질수평이불시사료적필수안기산수평정상관。연구표명，재저단백질사료중보충적정체필수안기산대대구흑로적생장、체조성화면역지표산생적유익작용불급등량적이단백질위래원적필수안기산。
An 89-day growth trial was undertaken to evaluate effects of essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation to diets with lower protein levels on growth performance, body composition and immunological parameters in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Seven isoenergetic diets were formulated according to the EAA profile of whole body of largemouth bass. Four diets of them contained crude protein concentrations of 45%, 40%, 35% and 30%, respectively (designated as 45CP, 40CP, 35CP and 30CP). The other three diets (designated as 40AA, 35AA and 30AA) were formu-lated by adding EAA to three lower protein diets of 40CP, 35CP and 30CP to make their EAA levels consistent with that of 45CP (used as a control). Triplicate groups of thirty juvenile largemouth bass with initial body weight of (10.13±0.01) g were reared in an indoor water-circulating system. It was showed by one-way ANOVA that growth performance, feed utilization, crude protein concentrations of whole body and muscle, immunological index and survival rate declined significantly among fish fed the diets with a reduction of dietary protein from 45%to 30%(P<0.05). Feed efficiency and protein retention in fish fed 35AA and 30AA were significantly higher than those of 35CP-and 30CP-fed fish (P<0.05), respectively. There were no significances in serum lysozyme activity and serum complement activity between 40AA-fed fish and 45CP-fed fish (P>0.05). Respiratory burst activity of head kidney leukocytes with 35AA-fed fish and 30AA-fed fish was significantly higher (P<0.05), compared to those of 35CP and 30CP, respectively. Crude protein concentrations of whole-body and condition factor of 30AA-fed fish were significantly higher than those 30CP-fed fish (P<0.05). Among all the treatments, moisture and ash of whole body and muscle of tested fish showed no significant differences (P>0.05). It was suggested by regression analysis that the effects of supplementing EAA to lower protein diets on SGR, FE and PR in juvenile largemouth bass were positively related with increased levels of dietary protein rather than those of dietary EAA. This study indicates that crystalline EAA supplemented to lower protein diets for juvenile largemouth bass can cause improvement in growth performance, feed efficiency and immunological index but the improvement is inferior to what is caused by the same levels of EAA deriving from proteins.
