水利学报
水利學報
수리학보
2014年
2期
150-162
,共13页
黄河小北干流%渭河下游%潼关高程%水沙变化%淤积%滞后响应模型
黃河小北榦流%渭河下遊%潼關高程%水沙變化%淤積%滯後響應模型
황하소북간류%위하하유%동관고정%수사변화%어적%체후향응모형
Xiaobeiganliu%Lower Weihe River%Tongguan elevation%water discharge and sediment load%channel aggradation%delayed response model
在分析黄河小北干流和渭河下游河道淤积的主要影响因素和演变机制的基础上，将河道淤积体纵剖面的平衡形态概化为一个由潼关高程抬升值ΔZ、初始河床比降J0和平衡比降Je所决定的三角形，得到了河道初始形态与平衡形态之间淤积体的体积计算公式，进而基于河床演变的滞后响应模型，建立了既能考虑河床调整的滞后响应特性又能考虑潼关高程和水沙条件协同作用的黄河小北干流和渭河下游河道淤积量的计算方法。采用1960-2001年黄河小北干流和渭河下游河道长系列冲淤资料对计算方法中的参数进行了率定，并采用2002-2010年实测河道冲淤资料进行了检验，结果表明，建立的计算方法能够较为全面地反映河床调整的驱动机制和内在机理，模拟计算及预报精度较以往方法有较大提高。结果还显示潼关高程对两河道的长期累计淤积过程的影响占主导地位，在1960-2011年实际水沙条件下，潼关高程每下降1m，小北干流和渭河下游累计淤积量分别减少约5.1亿m3和2.7亿m3；近期潼关高程和水沙条件对河道的淤积均具有重要影响，二者对2003年水库采用318m控制运用以来产生的河道减淤量的贡献约各占一半，体现了潼关高程和水沙条件的协同作用。
在分析黃河小北榦流和渭河下遊河道淤積的主要影響因素和縯變機製的基礎上，將河道淤積體縱剖麵的平衡形態概化為一箇由潼關高程抬升值ΔZ、初始河床比降J0和平衡比降Je所決定的三角形，得到瞭河道初始形態與平衡形態之間淤積體的體積計算公式，進而基于河床縯變的滯後響應模型，建立瞭既能攷慮河床調整的滯後響應特性又能攷慮潼關高程和水沙條件協同作用的黃河小北榦流和渭河下遊河道淤積量的計算方法。採用1960-2001年黃河小北榦流和渭河下遊河道長繫列遲淤資料對計算方法中的參數進行瞭率定，併採用2002-2010年實測河道遲淤資料進行瞭檢驗，結果錶明，建立的計算方法能夠較為全麵地反映河床調整的驅動機製和內在機理，模擬計算及預報精度較以往方法有較大提高。結果還顯示潼關高程對兩河道的長期纍計淤積過程的影響佔主導地位，在1960-2011年實際水沙條件下，潼關高程每下降1m，小北榦流和渭河下遊纍計淤積量分彆減少約5.1億m3和2.7億m3；近期潼關高程和水沙條件對河道的淤積均具有重要影響，二者對2003年水庫採用318m控製運用以來產生的河道減淤量的貢獻約各佔一半，體現瞭潼關高程和水沙條件的協同作用。
재분석황하소북간류화위하하유하도어적적주요영향인소화연변궤제적기출상，장하도어적체종부면적평형형태개화위일개유동관고정태승치ΔZ、초시하상비강J0화평형비강Je소결정적삼각형，득도료하도초시형태여평형형태지간어적체적체적계산공식，진이기우하상연변적체후향응모형，건립료기능고필하상조정적체후향응특성우능고필동관고정화수사조건협동작용적황하소북간류화위하하유하도어적량적계산방법。채용1960-2001년황하소북간류화위하하유하도장계렬충어자료대계산방법중적삼수진행료솔정，병채용2002-2010년실측하도충어자료진행료검험，결과표명，건립적계산방법능구교위전면지반영하상조정적구동궤제화내재궤리，모의계산급예보정도교이왕방법유교대제고。결과환현시동관고정대량하도적장기루계어적과정적영향점주도지위，재1960-2011년실제수사조건하，동관고정매하강1m，소북간류화위하하유루계어적량분별감소약5.1억m3화2.7억m3；근기동관고정화수사조건대하도적어적균구유중요영향，이자대2003년수고채용318m공제운용이래산생적하도감어량적공헌약각점일반，체현료동관고정화수사조건적협동작용。
Based on the analysis of the impact factors and the mechanisms of the fluvial processes of the Xiaobeiganliu reach of the Yellow River and the lower Wei River (LWR),it’s assumed that the channels reach in their potential equilibrium states,compared to the initial boundaries,have a deposition body with a triangular longitudinal shape determined by the variation of Tongguan elevation ΔZ, initial channel bed slope J0 and the potential equilibrium slope Je. Using the delayed response model and an equation devel-oped for calculating the volume of triangular deposition body,a method for simulating the deposition process-es of the river reaches has been proposed. The coefficients in the method were determined using the data during 1960 and 2001,and the applicability of the method was verified using data during 2002 and 2011. The results show that the method takes into account the effects of both Tongguan elevation and water and sediment conditions,and it better reflects the mechanism of channel adjustment and has higher calculation accuracy than previous methods which consider only the impact of Tongguan elevation on channel aggrada-tion and degradation. In addition,based on the actual incoming water and sediment volumes during 1960 and 2011,it’s estimated that the accumulated sediment deposition volumes of the Xiaobeiganliu and LWR will decrease some 0.51 and 0.27 billion m3 on average with Tongguan elevation lowering by every 1 m. It’s indi-cated that the Tongguan elevation had main influence over the long-term evolution of the channel reaches, while the lowing of Tongguan elevation and the favorable water and sediment conditions have played fairly the same important roles in the channels’ degradation since 2003 when an operation scheme of Sanmenxia Reservoir was initiated to prevent the pool level from exceeding 318 m during non-flood seasons. The com-bined impacts of Tongguan elevation and income water and sediment conditions on the recent adjustment of the river reaches are obvious.
