CAJ | 학술논문

遵循经济学投入-产出理论和新农村建设要求，将农村居民点集约化内涵与表征要素归结为投入强度和产出效用2个方面，构建以用地规模、布局、结构和生产、生活、生态效用为准则层的农村居民点集约化测度指标体系；利用脱钩原理和指标偏离度分析方法，建立农村居民点集约度指数与变异系数计量模型以及障碍度诊断模型，以北京市平谷区275个行政村作为案例基础评价单元，评定农村居民点集约化水平，划分农村居民点集约化模式，解析农村居民点集约化障碍因子，归纳农村居民点集约化调控路径。结果表明，研究区农村居民点集约化水平整体上偏低，以中度和低度集约为主；生态型和耗损型农村居民点占主导，集约与粗放之间的过度类型数量相当，乡镇间差异显著。影响农村居民点集约化的障碍因子整体显著，用地规模偏大、内部结构不合理是农村居民点用地强度偏高的主要障碍，生产效用低、生活条件差是制约农村居民点发展的短板。生态型到集约型再到粗放型利用的农村居民点集约化障碍因素依次增多，从降低用地强度与提升用地效用的角度，内涵挖潜、集约增长、生态均衡和持续发展是不同模式农村居民点集约化发展的有效路径。
준순경제학투입-산출이론화신농촌건설요구，장농촌거민점집약화내함여표정요소귀결위투입강도화산출효용2개방면，구건이용지규모、포국、결구화생산、생활、생태효용위준칙층적농촌거민점집약화측도지표체계；이용탈구원리화지표편리도분석방법，건립농촌거민점집약도지수여변이계수계량모형이급장애도진단모형，이북경시평곡구275개행정촌작위안례기출평개단원，평정농촌거민점집약화수평，화분농촌거민점집약화모식，해석농촌거민점집약화장애인자，귀납농촌거민점집약화조공로경。결과표명，연구구농촌거민점집약화수평정체상편저，이중도화저도집약위주；생태형화모손형농촌거민점점주도，집약여조방지간적과도류형수량상당，향진간차이현저。영향농촌거민점집약화적장애인자정체현저，용지규모편대、내부결구불합리시농촌거민점용지강도편고적주요장애，생산효용저、생활조건차시제약농촌거민점발전적단판。생태형도집약형재도조방형이용적농촌거민점집약화장애인소의차증다，종강저용지강도여제승용지효용적각도，내함알잠、집약증장、생태균형화지속발전시불동모식농촌거민점집약화발전적유효로경。
As seen through history, the construction and development of rural residential land is spontaneous, and unified scientific planning is lacking in China. In the interaction of many factors, the inflation scale of the natural rural residential land is very rapidly, and land use patterns in the rural areas are spontaneous, disorder, hollow, idle, more houses and so on. The results show that much land resources are wasted and the spatial pattern of land is seriously defaced. Consequently, the intensive use of rural residential land is the key to the construction of urban and rural integration patterns, and also is the main way to promote resource conservation and utilization. With further deepening of the regional economic and social reforms and changes of farmers′ demands, it was foreknown that rural residents’ land would produce further differentiation and and require reconstruction. If appropriate intervention and effective guidance is not provided, the risk of extensive use of rural residential land would be strengthened, and intensive utilization of rural residential land would become an urgent research subject. First, according to the economics input-output theory and new rural construction requirements, this study classified the connotation and manifestation of elements of rural residential land use as two aspects, intensity and efficiency, to construct the index system of rural residential land use intensity measurement using the scale, layout, structure and production, life, and ecology efficiency as the criterion layer. Second, with the help of the decoupling principle and index deviation degree analysis method, the study established the intensity degree index model and its correction model, based on the coefficient of variation and obstruction diagnosis model, for rural residential land intensive use. The study then took the Pinggu district in Beijing, with significant suburban characteristics, as an example, and took 275 administrative villages as the basic assessment unit to assess the intensity level, divided these into different intensity modes, analyzed the intensity disturbance factors, and summed up the intensity control path. The results showed that:1) On the whole, rural residential land use intensity level is low, the ecological and loss modes of rural residential land occupied the dominant position, the amount of excess type in intensive and extensive modes was not much, but there were significant differences between each village and town. 2) Obstacle factors of rural residential land intensive use were significant, relatively large scale and unreasonable internal structures were the main obstacles to cause higher strength of rural residential land use, and low production efficiency and poor living conditions were the factors to restrict the development of rural settlements. 3) From ecological mode to intensive mode to extensive mode to loss mode, the obstacle factors were increasing gradually. From the point of reducing the intensity of land use and enhancing the efficacy of land use, tapping potential, intensive growth, ecological balance, and sustainable development were the effective paths for different types of rural residential land. Following the complexity and particularity of rural residential land, with the element input-output theory and the decoupling theory, the study took the intensity index and efficiency index as the basis to assess the intensity level and divided the intensity mode of rural residential land. It was more comprehensive than a single index system, such as the area and population index, to reflect the rural land use characteristics. The study made theoretical connotation innovations in the aspect of rural residential land intensive use measurement, and the results were very useful in accelerating the rational use of land resources in rural areas and promoting the coordinated development of social economy and ecological environments in rural areas.