CAJ | 학술논문

根据杂交稻种植少本稀植的要求，该文以杂交稻天优998和五优308为材料，采用机械化精密田间育秧试验方法，研究了4种秧盘和4个播种量水平对机插杂交稻秧苗成毯效果、秧苗素质和栽插质量的影响。结果表明：钵体毯状秧盘播种量在65 g/盘以上、毯状秧盘在45 g/盘以上、窄行秧盘在36 g/盘以上，应用华南农业大学研制的“水稻田间工厂化育秧精密播种机”进行精密播种，采用常规田间育秧管理育成的秧苗成毯效果能满足机插的要求；不同秧盘类型对秧苗素质的影响存在显著差异，4种不同秧盘育秧方式中，以钵盘培育的秧苗素质最好，整齐性也最好，钵毯秧苗次之，毯状秧苗与窄行秧苗相差不大；不同播种量对秧苗素质的影响较大，不同播种量之间，秧苗素质各项指标的差异都达显著水平，随着播种量的增加秧苗素质明显下降，表现为叶龄减少，苗高变矮，苗茎宽变细，根长变短，百株鲜质量、百株干质量和百株根质量都变轻；而秧盘与播种量的交互作用对秧苗素质的影响不显著；从栽插质量和满足栽插的农艺要求角度看，对杂交稻天优998而言，钵毯和毯状秧盘的最佳播种量范围为65～80 g/盘，窄行秧盘的最佳播种量范围为52～64 g/盘，钵盘的最佳播种量范围为41～50 g/盘。本文的研究结果对解决杂交稻机插秧技术问题具有理论意义和实际应用价值。
근거잡교도충식소본희식적요구，해문이잡교도천우998화오우308위재료，채용궤계화정밀전간육앙시험방법，연구료4충앙반화4개파충량수평대궤삽잡교도앙묘성담효과、앙묘소질화재삽질량적영향。결과표명：발체담상앙반파충량재65 g/반이상、담상앙반재45 g/반이상、착행앙반재36 g/반이상，응용화남농업대학연제적“수도전간공엄화육앙정밀파충궤”진행정밀파충，채용상규전간육앙관리육성적앙묘성담효과능만족궤삽적요구；불동앙반류형대앙묘소질적영향존재현저차이，4충불동앙반육앙방식중，이발반배육적앙묘소질최호，정제성야최호，발담앙묘차지，담상앙묘여착행앙묘상차불대；불동파충량대앙묘소질적영향교대，불동파충량지간，앙묘소질각항지표적차이도체현저수평，수착파충량적증가앙묘소질명현하강，표현위협령감소，묘고변왜，묘경관변세，근장변단，백주선질량、백주간질량화백주근질량도변경；이앙반여파충량적교호작용대앙묘소질적영향불현저；종재삽질량화만족재삽적농예요구각도간，대잡교도천우998이언，발담화담상앙반적최가파충량범위위65～80 g/반，착행앙반적최가파충량범위위52～64 g/반，발반적최가파충량범위위41～50 g/반。본문적연구결과대해결잡교도궤삽앙기술문제구유이론의의화실제응용개치。
According to the agronomic requirements for mechanized transplanting technology for hybrid rice, using Tianyou 998 and Wuyou 308 as test materials, the effects of a seedling tray and sowing rate on entwining effect of seedling roots, seedling quality, and machine-transplanted quality were studied by mechanized precision seedling raising field experiments. The results showed that when the sowing rate of bowl-flat tray nursing seedlings exceeds 65 g/tray, flat tray nursing seedlings exceeds 45 g/tray, and narrow row tray nursing seedlings exceeds 36 g/tray, the entwining effects of seedling roots were suitable for mechanized transplanting by using reliable mechanized precision planting technology, such as the“Field Factory Seedling Precision Sowing Machine for Rice”developed by South China Agricultural University. Variance analysis showed that the effects of seedling tray types on the seedling quality were significant. Among the four seedling raising methods of tray nursing seedling, the seedling quality and the regularity of bowl tray nursing seedlings were the best, bowl-flat tray nursing seedlings took the second place, and flat tray nursing seedlings and narrow row tray nursing seedlings were the worst. Similarly, sowing rates showed significant differences on all seedling quality indicators, especially highly significant differences were showed on plant height, seedling stems width, root length, fresh weight of one hundred plants, dry weight of one hundred plants, root weight of one hundred plants, and height ratio mass. It was concluded that the leaf age, the plant height, the seedling stems width, the root length, the fresh weight of one hundred plants, the dry weight of one hundred plants, the root weight of one hundred plants, and the height ratio mass will decrease with the increase of the sowing rate. The interaction effect on seedling quality between seedling tray and sowing rates was not significant. Considering the quality of mechanized transplanting and the agronomic requirements of hybrid rice, the suitable sowing density for bowl-flat tray nursing seedlings and flat tray nursing seedlings were from 65 g/tray to 80 g/tray, narrow row tray nursing seedlings were from 52 g/tray to 64 g/tray, bowl tray nursing seedlings were from 41 g/tray to 50 g/tray.