自然科学史研究
自然科學史研究
자연과학사연구
STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
2013年
4期
427-435
,共9页
中国%四大发明%误解%二十四大发明
中國%四大髮明%誤解%二十四大髮明
중국%사대발명%오해%이십사대발명
China%the Four Great Inventions%misunderstanding%twenty-four great inven-tions
“四大发明”是西方学者就造纸术、印刷术、火药、指南针对近代文明的影响所作评价，并不意味着它们就是中国古代最重要、排名最靠前的重大发明。长期以来，“四大发明”的提法为国人广为接受，但多有误解，有必要予以澄清。文章对“发明”一词作了界定，提出了发明的分级和评定标准。据此列出中国二十四大发明的详目及简要说明，供研讨时参考。
“四大髮明”是西方學者就造紙術、印刷術、火藥、指南針對近代文明的影響所作評價，併不意味著它們就是中國古代最重要、排名最靠前的重大髮明。長期以來，“四大髮明”的提法為國人廣為接受，但多有誤解，有必要予以澄清。文章對“髮明”一詞作瞭界定，提齣瞭髮明的分級和評定標準。據此列齣中國二十四大髮明的詳目及簡要說明，供研討時參攷。
“사대발명”시서방학자취조지술、인쇄술、화약、지남침대근대문명적영향소작평개，병불의미착타문취시중국고대최중요、배명최고전적중대발명。장기이래，“사대발명”적제법위국인엄위접수，단다유오해，유필요여이징청。문장대“발명”일사작료계정，제출료발명적분급화평정표준。거차렬출중국이십사대발명적상목급간요설명，공연토시삼고。
The Western scholars hold that“the Four Great Inventions” are a kind of evaluation for measuring the influence to modern civilization from papermaking, printing, gunpowder, and the compass, but this does not mean that they were the most important and the top great inventions of ancient China. Over a long period of time,“Four Great Inventions” hav been widely accepted by the Chinese people. But as regards the above concept, there is much misunderstanding which needs to be clarified. This paper gives the definition of the word“invention”, and puts forward the classifica-tion and evaluation criteria of invention. According to these standards, the paper lists the detailed catalogues and brief descriptions of“China's twenty-four great inventions” , as a reference for discus-sion.
