CAJ | 학술논문

清远市是中国最大的电子废弃物拆解基地之一，小作坊生产模式已经进行了20多年，大量无法回收的电子废料和处理残渣等被倾倒在田地、沟渠和山谷中，致使周边土壤长期受到重金属Cd、Cu、Pb污染。近年来国内外对拆解区周边的土壤重金属污染现状分析、健康风险评价等相关报道较多，但针对电子废弃物复合重金属污染生物修复技术的研究却并不多见。通过富集、驯化、分离，从清远市电子废弃物拆解区污染土壤中得到4种耐性菌株，经菌落形态、扫描电镜分析以及16S rDNA技术鉴定得出，菌株HS-01、JH-02、YB-03、JY-04分别为海水芽孢八叠球菌（Sporosarcina aquimarina）、佐吕间湖生芽孢八叠球菌（Sporosarcina saromensis）、巨大芽孢杆菌（Bacillus megaterium）、甲基营养型芽孢杆菌（Bacillus methylotrophicus）。由生长特性实验得到，细菌HS-01与JY-04生长周期相同，在0~8 h为调整期，8~12 h为对数期，12~24 h为稳定期，24~32 h为衰亡期。而细菌JH-02与YB-03生长周期相同，在0~4 h为调整期，4~12 h为对数期，12~24 h为稳定期，24~32 h为衰亡期。细菌HS-01、JH-02、JY-04的最适温度与pH分别为30℃和8，而YB-03则为35℃与7.5。生物吸附实验结果显示，随着重金属离子质量浓度的升高，4种耐受细菌对重金属离子的吸附量也逐渐升高，但吸附量增长率以及吸附率却逐渐降低，这4种细菌对Cd2+、Cu2+、Pb2+最大吸附量分别达到了2.25、2.05、2.28、2.25 mg，8.19、4.95、8.53、11.78 mg和10.84、10.59、7.66、9.02 mg。最大吸附率则分别达到了94.4、99.2、100、93.3%，86.1、90.8、88.6、87.3%和88.9、82.2、81.2、86.7%。其中细菌HS-01、YB-03、JY-04吸附Cd2+能力较强，而细菌JY-04对Cu2+以及HS-01、JH-02对Pb2+吸附能力最强。上述结果显示了4种耐性细菌均具有较好的修复复合重金属污染水体的应用潜力，但对于电子废弃物复合重金属污染土壤的修复机理和效率还有待进一步研究。清遠市是中國最大的電子廢棄物拆解基地之一，小作坊生產模式已經進行瞭20多年，大量無法迴收的電子廢料和處理殘渣等被傾倒在田地、溝渠和山穀中，緻使週邊土壤長期受到重金屬Cd、Cu、Pb汙染。近年來國內外對拆解區週邊的土壤重金屬汙染現狀分析、健康風險評價等相關報道較多，但針對電子廢棄物複閤重金屬汙染生物脩複技術的研究卻併不多見。通過富集、馴化、分離，從清遠市電子廢棄物拆解區汙染土壤中得到4種耐性菌株，經菌落形態、掃描電鏡分析以及16S rDNA技術鑒定得齣，菌株HS-01、JH-02、YB-03、JY-04分彆為海水芽孢八疊毬菌（Sporosarcina aquimarina）、佐呂間湖生芽孢八疊毬菌（Sporosarcina saromensis）、巨大芽孢桿菌（Bacillus megaterium）、甲基營養型芽孢桿菌（Bacillus methylotrophicus）。由生長特性實驗得到，細菌HS-01與JY-04生長週期相同，在0~8 h為調整期，8~12 h為對數期，12~24 h為穩定期，24~32 h為衰亡期。而細菌JH-02與YB-03生長週期相同，在0~4 h為調整期，4~12 h為對數期，12~24 h為穩定期，24~32 h為衰亡期。細菌HS-01、JH-02、JY-04的最適溫度與pH分彆為30℃和8，而YB-03則為35℃與7.5。生物吸附實驗結果顯示，隨著重金屬離子質量濃度的升高，4種耐受細菌對重金屬離子的吸附量也逐漸升高，但吸附量增長率以及吸附率卻逐漸降低，這4種細菌對Cd2+、Cu2+、Pb2+最大吸附量分彆達到瞭2.25、2.05、2.28、2.25 mg，8.19、4.95、8.53、11.78 mg和10.84、10.59、7.66、9.02 mg。最大吸附率則分彆達到瞭94.4、99.2、100、93.3%，86.1、90.8、88.6、87.3%和88.9、82.2、81.2、86.7%。其中細菌HS-01、YB-03、JY-04吸附Cd2+能力較彊，而細菌JY-04對Cu2+以及HS-01、JH-02對Pb2+吸附能力最彊。上述結果顯示瞭4種耐性細菌均具有較好的脩複複閤重金屬汙染水體的應用潛力，但對于電子廢棄物複閤重金屬汙染土壤的脩複機理和效率還有待進一步研究。
청원시시중국최대적전자폐기물탁해기지지일，소작방생산모식이경진행료20다년，대량무법회수적전자폐료화처리잔사등피경도재전지、구거화산곡중，치사주변토양장기수도중금속Cd、Cu、Pb오염。근년래국내외대탁해구주변적토양중금속오염현상분석、건강풍험평개등상관보도교다，단침대전자폐기물복합중금속오염생물수복기술적연구각병불다견。통과부집、순화、분리，종청원시전자폐기물탁해구오염토양중득도4충내성균주，경균락형태、소묘전경분석이급16S rDNA기술감정득출，균주HS-01、JH-02、YB-03、JY-04분별위해수아포팔첩구균（Sporosarcina aquimarina）、좌려간호생아포팔첩구균（Sporosarcina saromensis）、거대아포간균（Bacillus megaterium）、갑기영양형아포간균（Bacillus methylotrophicus）。유생장특성실험득도，세균HS-01여JY-04생장주기상동，재0~8 h위조정기，8~12 h위대수기，12~24 h위은정기，24~32 h위쇠망기。이세균JH-02여YB-03생장주기상동，재0~4 h위조정기，4~12 h위대수기，12~24 h위은정기，24~32 h위쇠망기。세균HS-01、JH-02、JY-04적최괄온도여pH분별위30℃화8，이YB-03칙위35℃여7.5。생물흡부실험결과현시，수착중금속리자질량농도적승고，4충내수세균대중금속리자적흡부량야축점승고，단흡부량증장솔이급흡부솔각축점강저，저4충세균대Cd2+、Cu2+、Pb2+최대흡부량분별체도료2.25、2.05、2.28、2.25 mg，8.19、4.95、8.53、11.78 mg화10.84、10.59、7.66、9.02 mg。최대흡부솔칙분별체도료94.4、99.2、100、93.3%，86.1、90.8、88.6、87.3%화88.9、82.2、81.2、86.7%。기중세균HS-01、YB-03、JY-04흡부Cd2+능력교강，이세균JY-04대Cu2+이급HS-01、JH-02대Pb2+흡부능력최강。상술결과현시료4충내성세균균구유교호적수복복합중금속오염수체적응용잠력，단대우전자폐기물복합중금속오염토양적수복궤리화효솔환유대진일보연구。
Qing Yuan is one of the biggest electronic wastes dismantling base in China, the production pattern of individual workshop has been going on for more than 20 years. A large number of electronic wastes and treatment residuals were dumped in croplands, ditches and valleys. It made the surrounding soils polluted for a long time by Cd, Cu and Pb. There had lots of researches about the present situation analysis and health risk evaluation for heavy metals contaminated soil surrounding dismantling area. But there still had less reports on the study of bioremediation technologies for the e-waste pollution by combined heavy metals. Four tolerance bacteria was isolated from contaminated soil of e-waste dismantling area of qingyuan by this means of enrichment, domestication and isolation. The tolerance bacteria were identified by analyzed of colony morphology and scanning electron microscope and 16S rDNA technology. Four strains of HS-01, JH-02, YB-03 and JY-04 were respectively Sporosarcina aquimarina, Sporosarcina saromensis, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus methylotrophicus. The growth characteristic experiments indicated that the bacteria of HS-01 and JY-04 had same growth cycle, the regulatory phase was 0-8 h, 8-12 h was the logarithmic phase, 12-24 h was stable phase and 24-32 h was decline phase;Bacterial JH-02 and YB-03 had same growth cycle, regulatory phase was 0-4 h, 4-12 h was logarithmic phase, 12-24 h was stable phase, and 24-32 h was decline phase. The optimum temperature and pH of HS-01, JH-02 and JY-04 was 30 ℃ and 8, while YB-03 was 35 ℃ and 7.5 respectively. With the increase of mass concentration of heavy metal ions, biosorption experiments showed that the adsorption amounts of four tolerance bacteria to heavy metal ions gradually increased, but the growth ratios of adsorption amounts and adsorption ratios were gradually decreased. The maximum adsorption amounts of four tolerance bacteria to Cd2+, Cu2+, Pb2+were 2.25, 2.05, 2.28, 2.25 mg,8.19, 4.95, 8.53, 11.78 mg and 10.84, 10.59, 7.66, 9.02 mg respectively. And the maximum adsorption ratios were 94.4, 99.2, 100, 93.3%, 86.1, 90.8, 88.6, 87.3%and 88.9, 82.2, 81.2, 86.7%respectively. The bacteria of HS-01, YB-03, JY-04 had better adsorption efficiency to Cd2+, JY-04 was optimal to Cu2+, and HS-01, JH-02 was the best to Pb2+. The above results suggests the potential application of four tolerance bacteria to remediate the polluted solution by combined heavy metals, but the remediation mechanism and efficiency of the e-waste polluted soils by combined heavy metals still need to be further research.