生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2014年
7期
1148-1155
,共8页
刘新春%钟玉婷%何清%陆辉%霍文
劉新春%鐘玉婷%何清%陸輝%霍文
류신춘%종옥정%하청%륙휘%곽문
地面臭氧%气象因子%对比分析%塔克拉玛干沙漠%库尔勒
地麵臭氧%氣象因子%對比分析%塔剋拉瑪榦沙漠%庫爾勒
지면취양%기상인자%대비분석%탑극랍마간사막%고이륵
surface ozone%meteorological factor%comparative analysis%Taklimakan Desert%Korla
高浓度臭氧对人体健康造成伤害，还会影响植物生长；臭氧也是一种重要的温室气体，影响全球气候变化。本文利用塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中地区2010年6月1日至2012年12月31日和北缘城市库尔勒2010年7月1日至2012年12月31日地表臭氧质量浓度连续观测数据，结合PM10和气象资料，对地表臭氧质量浓度的日、周、月、季节与不同天气条件下日变化特征进行了分析，同时探讨了影响臭氧变化的主要因素。结果表明，（1）臭氧质量浓度日变化具有明显的单峰型日变化规律，夜间变化平缓，白天变化剧烈。09：00前后达到最低值，18：00前后达到最高值，出现时间稍迟于沿海城市。（2）臭氧质量浓度变化具有周末效应现象。最高值出现在星期日，最低值出现在星期三；星期一至星期三浓度逐渐降低，星期四又逐渐上升。（3）塔中最高月平均浓度出现在2010年6月，质量浓度为89.6μg·m-3，最低质量浓度出现在2012年12月，为22.1μg·m-3；库尔勒最高月平均质量浓度出现在2010年8月，为82.1μg·m-3，最低为2012年12月的12.5μg·m-3。月平均质量浓度以6月份为中心对称分布，两边月份逐渐降低。（4）春、夏季臭氧质量浓度较高，秋季和冬季明显低于春季和夏季，与沿海大中型城市变化特征基本一致。（5）4种天气中，日变化最剧烈的是晴天，其次为小雨天气，阴天较平缓。沙尘天气出现前，臭氧质量浓度变化较小，沙尘天气开始后质量浓度下降，且下降速度较快。（6）辐射变化具有单峰型日变化规律，臭氧质量浓度变化明显晚于辐射变化，太阳辐射的强弱直接影响光化学反应速度，从而导致臭氧质量浓度的变化；臭氧质量浓度日变化与PM10质量浓度日变化具有相反变化趋势，但在时间变化上有一定的滞后性，臭氧质量浓度变化明显早于PM10的变化。（7）晴天少云的天气情况下臭氧质量浓度明显要高于阴雨（雪）天，气温、相对湿度、风速、风向、日照时数共同影响近地面臭氧质量浓度的变化，臭氧污染的发生是多种因素共同作用的结果。
高濃度臭氧對人體健康造成傷害，還會影響植物生長；臭氧也是一種重要的溫室氣體，影響全毬氣候變化。本文利用塔剋拉瑪榦沙漠腹地塔中地區2010年6月1日至2012年12月31日和北緣城市庫爾勒2010年7月1日至2012年12月31日地錶臭氧質量濃度連續觀測數據，結閤PM10和氣象資料，對地錶臭氧質量濃度的日、週、月、季節與不同天氣條件下日變化特徵進行瞭分析，同時探討瞭影響臭氧變化的主要因素。結果錶明，（1）臭氧質量濃度日變化具有明顯的單峰型日變化規律，夜間變化平緩，白天變化劇烈。09：00前後達到最低值，18：00前後達到最高值，齣現時間稍遲于沿海城市。（2）臭氧質量濃度變化具有週末效應現象。最高值齣現在星期日，最低值齣現在星期三；星期一至星期三濃度逐漸降低，星期四又逐漸上升。（3）塔中最高月平均濃度齣現在2010年6月，質量濃度為89.6μg·m-3，最低質量濃度齣現在2012年12月，為22.1μg·m-3；庫爾勒最高月平均質量濃度齣現在2010年8月，為82.1μg·m-3，最低為2012年12月的12.5μg·m-3。月平均質量濃度以6月份為中心對稱分佈，兩邊月份逐漸降低。（4）春、夏季臭氧質量濃度較高，鞦季和鼕季明顯低于春季和夏季，與沿海大中型城市變化特徵基本一緻。（5）4種天氣中，日變化最劇烈的是晴天，其次為小雨天氣，陰天較平緩。沙塵天氣齣現前，臭氧質量濃度變化較小，沙塵天氣開始後質量濃度下降，且下降速度較快。（6）輻射變化具有單峰型日變化規律，臭氧質量濃度變化明顯晚于輻射變化，太暘輻射的彊弱直接影響光化學反應速度，從而導緻臭氧質量濃度的變化；臭氧質量濃度日變化與PM10質量濃度日變化具有相反變化趨勢，但在時間變化上有一定的滯後性，臭氧質量濃度變化明顯早于PM10的變化。（7）晴天少雲的天氣情況下臭氧質量濃度明顯要高于陰雨（雪）天，氣溫、相對濕度、風速、風嚮、日照時數共同影響近地麵臭氧質量濃度的變化，臭氧汙染的髮生是多種因素共同作用的結果。
고농도취양대인체건강조성상해，환회영향식물생장；취양야시일충중요적온실기체，영향전구기후변화。본문이용탑극랍마간사막복지탑중지구2010년6월1일지2012년12월31일화북연성시고이륵2010년7월1일지2012년12월31일지표취양질량농도련속관측수거，결합PM10화기상자료，대지표취양질량농도적일、주、월、계절여불동천기조건하일변화특정진행료분석，동시탐토료영향취양변화적주요인소。결과표명，（1）취양질량농도일변화구유명현적단봉형일변화규률，야간변화평완，백천변화극렬。09：00전후체도최저치，18：00전후체도최고치，출현시간초지우연해성시。（2）취양질량농도변화구유주말효응현상。최고치출현재성기일，최저치출현재성기삼；성기일지성기삼농도축점강저，성기사우축점상승。（3）탑중최고월평균농도출현재2010년6월，질량농도위89.6μg·m-3，최저질량농도출현재2012년12월，위22.1μg·m-3；고이륵최고월평균질량농도출현재2010년8월，위82.1μg·m-3，최저위2012년12월적12.5μg·m-3。월평균질량농도이6월빈위중심대칭분포，량변월빈축점강저。（4）춘、하계취양질량농도교고，추계화동계명현저우춘계화하계，여연해대중형성시변화특정기본일치。（5）4충천기중，일변화최극렬적시청천，기차위소우천기，음천교평완。사진천기출현전，취양질량농도변화교소，사진천기개시후질량농도하강，차하강속도교쾌。（6）복사변화구유단봉형일변화규률，취양질량농도변화명현만우복사변화，태양복사적강약직접영향광화학반응속도，종이도치취양질량농도적변화；취양질량농도일변화여PM10질량농도일변화구유상반변화추세，단재시간변화상유일정적체후성，취양질량농도변화명현조우PM10적변화。（7）청천소운적천기정황하취양질량농도명현요고우음우（설）천，기온、상대습도、풍속、풍향、일조시수공동영향근지면취양질량농도적변화，취양오염적발생시다충인소공동작용적결과。
High surface ozone concentration caused harm to human health and also could affect the plant growth. Ozone was a kind of important greenhouse gas and affected the global climate change. Based on the automatic continuous observation data of surface ozone concentration from June 1, 2010 to December 31, 2012 and July 1, 2010 to December 31, 2012 in the Taklimakan Desert hinterland and northern margin urban Korla, and combining with PM10 and meteorological data, the variation characteristics of surface ozone concentration at scales of day, week, month, season and the daily variation under different weather conditions were analyzed, the main factors affecting the ozone concentration variation were discussed too. Results showed that: (1) The daily variation of hourly mean ozone concentration was characterized by single peak with gentle changes during the night and dramatic changes during the day at Tazhong and Korla. The lowest concentration was at 09:00 and the highest was at 18:00. Comparing with other cities, the time delayed. (2) Ozone concentration variation has a weekend effect phenomenon. The weekly variation of ozone concentration decreased from Monday to Wednesday with the lowest in Wednesday, and increased after Thursday with the highest in Sunday. (3) The highest monthly average concentration was 89.6μg·m-3 in June of 2010, and the lowest was 22.1μg·m-3 in January of 2012 at Tazhong. And the highest monthly average concentration was 82.1μg·m-3 in August of 2010, and the lowest was 12.5μg·m-3 in December of 2012 at Korla. The ozone concentration reduced with June as the center every year. (4) Ozone concentration in spring and summer was higher than in autumn and winter. The variation trend agreed with other large and medium-sized cities. (5) Under four different kinds of weather conditions, the ozone concentration varied the most dramatically in sunny day, followed by in little rain day, and varied gently in cloudy day. The ozone concentration varied inconspicuously before sand weather, and dropped rapidly when sand weather beginning. (6) The daily variation of radiation was also characterized by single peak, and the variation was significantly earlier than the ozone concentration variation. The sun radiation intensity had a direct influence on the photochemical reaction speed, further, leading to the variation of ozone concentration. The daily variation of PM10 concentration was obvious contrary trend with the ozone concentration variation. The variation was significantly earlier than the PM10 concentration. (7) The daily average ozone concentration of clear day was higher than that it in slight rain day (snow day). The variation of near surface ozone concentration could also be affected by the meteorological factors such as temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, the direction of the wind and the sunshine hours. So many factors working together led to ozone pollution.
