生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2014年
7期
1141-1147
,共7页
李昌见%屈忠义%勾芒芒%高文慧%孙贯芳
李昌見%屈忠義%勾芒芒%高文慧%孫貫芳
리창견%굴충의%구망망%고문혜%손관방
生物炭%含水率%有机碳%速效养分%土壤温度
生物炭%含水率%有機碳%速效養分%土壤溫度
생물탄%함수솔%유궤탄%속효양분%토양온도
Biochar%Soil Moisture%Organic Carbon%Available Nutrients%Soil Temperature
本文通过野外大田小区试验以番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)为供试作物,通过在土壤中施加不同含量生物炭(Biochar)研究生物炭对土壤含水率、有机碳、速效养分含量和土壤温度的影响,从而寻求一个较为合适的施用量,为生物炭在内蒙古地区的大面积推广提供科学的理论依据。试验共设5个处理,3个重复:不施加生物炭(CK),生物炭使用量分别为10 t·hm-2(A),20 t·hm-2(B),40 t·hm-2(C),60 t·hm-2(D),在各生育期取土样测定土壤含水率、有机碳、速效养分含量,并在各生育期连续3天测定土壤地表温度。试验结果表明:不同处理下土壤含水率随生物炭施用量增加呈先增加后减小的趋势,且均高于对照组,其中施炭量为40 t·hm-2处理的土壤含水率增幅最明显,0~10 cm土层各生育期土壤含水率较对照组最大增幅分别为20.8%、13.7%、21.8%,10~20 cm土层各生育期土壤含水率较对照组最大增幅分别为33.9%、17.1%、21.3%;不同处理下土壤温度随着生物炭施用量的增加而升高,两者具有显著的正相关关系,各生育期各处理土壤地表温度较对照组最大增幅分别为58.1%、31.3%、55.8%;不同处理土壤有机碳含量随着生物炭施用量的增加而增大,番茄各生育期各处理土壤有机碳含量较对照组最大增幅分别为80.9%、62.7%、63.9%;不同处理土壤中碱解氮、速效钾、速效磷含量均随生物炭施用量的增加而呈现先增大后减小的趋势,且均大于对照组,各生育期各处理土壤碱解氮较对照组最大增幅分别为92.7%、45.7%、106.5%,速效磷最大增幅分别为120.1%、39.3%、250.4%,速效钾最大增幅分别为86.2%、118.5%、203.4%。综上所述,生物炭对于砂壤土具有保水、保肥、保温的特性,对于提高土壤水肥利用效率,增加土壤有机碳具有重要的作用,而且通过试验验证40 t·hm-2的施用量是最适合砂壤土的使用量。
本文通過野外大田小區試驗以番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)為供試作物,通過在土壤中施加不同含量生物炭(Biochar)研究生物炭對土壤含水率、有機碳、速效養分含量和土壤溫度的影響,從而尋求一箇較為閤適的施用量,為生物炭在內矇古地區的大麵積推廣提供科學的理論依據。試驗共設5箇處理,3箇重複:不施加生物炭(CK),生物炭使用量分彆為10 t·hm-2(A),20 t·hm-2(B),40 t·hm-2(C),60 t·hm-2(D),在各生育期取土樣測定土壤含水率、有機碳、速效養分含量,併在各生育期連續3天測定土壤地錶溫度。試驗結果錶明:不同處理下土壤含水率隨生物炭施用量增加呈先增加後減小的趨勢,且均高于對照組,其中施炭量為40 t·hm-2處理的土壤含水率增幅最明顯,0~10 cm土層各生育期土壤含水率較對照組最大增幅分彆為20.8%、13.7%、21.8%,10~20 cm土層各生育期土壤含水率較對照組最大增幅分彆為33.9%、17.1%、21.3%;不同處理下土壤溫度隨著生物炭施用量的增加而升高,兩者具有顯著的正相關關繫,各生育期各處理土壤地錶溫度較對照組最大增幅分彆為58.1%、31.3%、55.8%;不同處理土壤有機碳含量隨著生物炭施用量的增加而增大,番茄各生育期各處理土壤有機碳含量較對照組最大增幅分彆為80.9%、62.7%、63.9%;不同處理土壤中堿解氮、速效鉀、速效燐含量均隨生物炭施用量的增加而呈現先增大後減小的趨勢,且均大于對照組,各生育期各處理土壤堿解氮較對照組最大增幅分彆為92.7%、45.7%、106.5%,速效燐最大增幅分彆為120.1%、39.3%、250.4%,速效鉀最大增幅分彆為86.2%、118.5%、203.4%。綜上所述,生物炭對于砂壤土具有保水、保肥、保溫的特性,對于提高土壤水肥利用效率,增加土壤有機碳具有重要的作用,而且通過試驗驗證40 t·hm-2的施用量是最適閤砂壤土的使用量。
본문통과야외대전소구시험이번가(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)위공시작물,통과재토양중시가불동함량생물탄(Biochar)연구생물탄대토양함수솔、유궤탄、속효양분함량화토양온도적영향,종이심구일개교위합괄적시용량,위생물탄재내몽고지구적대면적추엄제공과학적이론의거。시험공설5개처리,3개중복:불시가생물탄(CK),생물탄사용량분별위10 t·hm-2(A),20 t·hm-2(B),40 t·hm-2(C),60 t·hm-2(D),재각생육기취토양측정토양함수솔、유궤탄、속효양분함량,병재각생육기련속3천측정토양지표온도。시험결과표명:불동처리하토양함수솔수생물탄시용량증가정선증가후감소적추세,차균고우대조조,기중시탄량위40 t·hm-2처리적토양함수솔증폭최명현,0~10 cm토층각생육기토양함수솔교대조조최대증폭분별위20.8%、13.7%、21.8%,10~20 cm토층각생육기토양함수솔교대조조최대증폭분별위33.9%、17.1%、21.3%;불동처리하토양온도수착생물탄시용량적증가이승고,량자구유현저적정상관관계,각생육기각처리토양지표온도교대조조최대증폭분별위58.1%、31.3%、55.8%;불동처리토양유궤탄함량수착생물탄시용량적증가이증대,번가각생육기각처리토양유궤탄함량교대조조최대증폭분별위80.9%、62.7%、63.9%;불동처리토양중감해담、속효갑、속효린함량균수생물탄시용량적증가이정현선증대후감소적추세,차균대우대조조,각생육기각처리토양감해담교대조조최대증폭분별위92.7%、45.7%、106.5%,속효린최대증폭분별위120.1%、39.3%、250.4%,속효갑최대증폭분별위86.2%、118.5%、203.4%。종상소술,생물탄대우사양토구유보수、보비、보온적특성,대우제고토양수비이용효솔,증가토양유궤탄구유중요적작용,이차통과시험험증40 t·hm-2적시용량시최괄합사양토적사용량。
Taking tomato growing in field plot as subject, the research focus on biochar’s effect on soil moisture, organic carbon, available nutrients contents and temperature by applying vary amounts of biochar on it. The research aims to find a suitable applying amount which could supplies scientific theoretical base for biochar used in large-scale Mongolia area. The experiment designs five treatments and three repetitions, which are no biochar (CK), 10 t·hm-2 amount of biochar, 20 t·hm-2 amount of biochar , 40 t·hm-2 amount of biochar and 60t·hm-2 amount of biochar. By measuring the soil moisture, organic carbon, available nutrients contents and temperature (in three consecutive days) during different growth periods of tomato, the experiment gets the following results. Soil moisture in all four subject treatments is higher than that of the contrast one (CK), and decreases after the increasing trend. Among of them, treatment of 40 t·hm-2 biochar increases most. Compared with the contrast treatment (CK), soil layer of 0-10 cm increase 20.8%、13.7%、21.8%respectively, and soil layer of 10-20 cm increase 33.9%、17.1%、21.3%respectively during the different growth periods. Both the soil temperature and organic carbon in all treatments rise with the rising applying amount of biochar:during different growth periods, the largest increasing amount for soil temperature is 58.1%、31.3%、55.8%respectively;for organic carbon is 80.9%、62.7%、63.9%respectively. Alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available potassium, available phosphorus in all four subject treatments are higher than that of the contrast one (CK), and also decrease after the increasing trend. During different growth periods, the largest increasing amount for alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen is 92.7%、45.7%、106.5% respectively, for available potassium is 120.1%、39.3%、250.4%respectively, and for available phosphorus is 86.2%、118.5%、203.4%respectively. In conclusion, biochar could maintain soil water, fertilizer and heat, enhance fertilizer efficiency and organic carbon. The 40 t·hm-2 application amount of biochar is the best quantity in the improvement of sandy loam.