生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2014年
7期
1108-1112
,共5页
农业用地%郊区%城市建成区%城市化%土壤微生物%群落结构
農業用地%郊區%城市建成區%城市化%土壤微生物%群落結構
농업용지%교구%성시건성구%성시화%토양미생물%군락결구
Agricultural land%Suburb%Built-up area of city%Urbanization%Soil microorganism%Community structure
随着城镇化的推进，中原农业区大量的农业用地转变为城市用地，受城市化过程中人为活动的强烈影响，与城市化有关的土壤质量问题日益突出。而土壤质量与土壤微生物密切相关，后者对环境变化比较敏感，它能够较早地指示生态系统功能的变化，并反映出土壤的质量和健康状况。因此，研究土地利用方式的变化对土壤微生物的影响是评价土壤环境质量的重要指标。以“中部崛起”六省中城镇化率增长最快的地区之---河南省商丘市为例，采用以空间梯度代替时间顺序的方法，以城市建成区、城市外围的郊区及农田为研究对象，分别测定不同城市化水平下土壤微生物的数量和组成，研究土壤由农业用地转变为城市用地过程中，土壤微生物群落结构的变化。以城市中心为起点，分别在东、南、西、北四个方向上取样，在同一方向上沿城区-郊区-农田梯度上进行取样。采用平板涂抹计数法测定土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌的数量。结果表明，农田、郊区和城市土壤微生物总数分别为14.68×106 cfu·g-1、8.19×106 cfu·g-1和10.99×106 cfu·g-1，即城市化使土壤中微生物总数量减少；同时，土壤微生物的组成和比例结构也发生变化，其中，城市建成区土壤中细菌和真菌所占微生物总数的比例高于郊区和农村，而放线菌在农村占的比例高于城市建成区和郊区。城市建成区不同用地类型下土壤微生物总数的变化趋势为公园>校园>居住区>道路，其中，细菌占微生物总数的比例在公园土壤中最大，而放线菌和真菌则相反，二者占微生物总数的比例在道路土壤中最大，在公园土壤中比例最小。土壤微生物数量和组成的这些变化反映出土地由农业用地转变为城市用地过程中，土壤质量和健康状况及生态系统功能的变化，可以为评价土壤环境质量及土壤管理提供参考依据。
隨著城鎮化的推進，中原農業區大量的農業用地轉變為城市用地，受城市化過程中人為活動的彊烈影響，與城市化有關的土壤質量問題日益突齣。而土壤質量與土壤微生物密切相關，後者對環境變化比較敏感，它能夠較早地指示生態繫統功能的變化，併反映齣土壤的質量和健康狀況。因此，研究土地利用方式的變化對土壤微生物的影響是評價土壤環境質量的重要指標。以“中部崛起”六省中城鎮化率增長最快的地區之---河南省商丘市為例，採用以空間梯度代替時間順序的方法，以城市建成區、城市外圍的郊區及農田為研究對象，分彆測定不同城市化水平下土壤微生物的數量和組成，研究土壤由農業用地轉變為城市用地過程中，土壤微生物群落結構的變化。以城市中心為起點，分彆在東、南、西、北四箇方嚮上取樣，在同一方嚮上沿城區-郊區-農田梯度上進行取樣。採用平闆塗抹計數法測定土壤中細菌、真菌、放線菌的數量。結果錶明，農田、郊區和城市土壤微生物總數分彆為14.68×106 cfu·g-1、8.19×106 cfu·g-1和10.99×106 cfu·g-1，即城市化使土壤中微生物總數量減少；同時，土壤微生物的組成和比例結構也髮生變化，其中，城市建成區土壤中細菌和真菌所佔微生物總數的比例高于郊區和農村，而放線菌在農村佔的比例高于城市建成區和郊區。城市建成區不同用地類型下土壤微生物總數的變化趨勢為公園>校園>居住區>道路，其中，細菌佔微生物總數的比例在公園土壤中最大，而放線菌和真菌則相反，二者佔微生物總數的比例在道路土壤中最大，在公園土壤中比例最小。土壤微生物數量和組成的這些變化反映齣土地由農業用地轉變為城市用地過程中，土壤質量和健康狀況及生態繫統功能的變化，可以為評價土壤環境質量及土壤管理提供參攷依據。
수착성진화적추진，중원농업구대량적농업용지전변위성시용지，수성시화과정중인위활동적강렬영향，여성시화유관적토양질량문제일익돌출。이토양질량여토양미생물밀절상관，후자대배경변화비교민감，타능구교조지지시생태계통공능적변화，병반영출토양적질량화건강상황。인차，연구토지이용방식적변화대토양미생물적영향시평개토양배경질량적중요지표。이“중부굴기”륙성중성진화솔증장최쾌적지구지---하남성상구시위례，채용이공간제도대체시간순서적방법，이성시건성구、성시외위적교구급농전위연구대상，분별측정불동성시화수평하토양미생물적수량화조성，연구토양유농업용지전변위성시용지과정중，토양미생물군락결구적변화。이성시중심위기점，분별재동、남、서、북사개방향상취양，재동일방향상연성구-교구-농전제도상진행취양。채용평판도말계수법측정토양중세균、진균、방선균적수량。결과표명，농전、교구화성시토양미생물총수분별위14.68×106 cfu·g-1、8.19×106 cfu·g-1화10.99×106 cfu·g-1，즉성시화사토양중미생물총수량감소；동시，토양미생물적조성화비례결구야발생변화，기중，성시건성구토양중세균화진균소점미생물총수적비례고우교구화농촌，이방선균재농촌점적비례고우성시건성구화교구。성시건성구불동용지류형하토양미생물총수적변화추세위공완>교완>거주구>도로，기중，세균점미생물총수적비례재공완토양중최대，이방선균화진균칙상반，이자점미생물총수적비례재도로토양중최대，재공완토양중비례최소。토양미생물수량화조성적저사변화반영출토지유농업용지전변위성시용지과정중，토양질량화건강상황급생태계통공능적변화，가이위평개토양배경질량급토양관리제공삼고의거。
The farmland has been gradually transformed into urban land in central China during the process of the booming urbanization. The problems of soil quality accompanied by urbanization become worse due to the anthropogenic influence. Soil microbes correlate closely with soil quality, and these microbes are sensitive to changing environment, which could indicate the variations of ecosystemfunction. In this respects, they could be chosen as indices to reflect the conditions of soil quality and health. In this work, Shangqiu city, one of the most rapid urbanization cities in central China, was chosen for the analysis the effect of urbanization on the community structure of soil microorganism. For this purpose, three urbanization levels (i.e., city center, suburb and farmland) were identified firstly to indicate various stages of urbanization, soil samples were collected across four orthogonal directions (i.e., east, south, west and north) from city center to farmland at each urbanization level, then the amount of cultivable soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes was investigated by using standard dilution plate count method. The results showed that the total number of microorganism decreased with an increasing urbanization level, where the values was 14.68×106 cfu·g-1 in farmland, 8.19×106 cfu·g-1 in suburband and 10.99×106 cfu·g-1in city center, respectively. Additionally, the composition and the ratio of each component of soil microorganism also changed during the process of urbanization. More specifically, ration of soil bacteria and fungi in city center was higher than those in suburb and farmland soil, opposite to what were observed in actinomycetes. Regarding different land use types in built-up area, total number of soil microorganism showed an overall decrease in the order of park >campus>residential area>roadside. Ratio of soil bacteria was highest in park soil than other three land use types, opposite to what were observed in actinomycetes and fungi. Our results suggested a shift in soil microorganism from farmland to urban land during the process of urbanization, which may have important recommendation for the management of soil quality and health.
