化工学报
化工學報
화공학보
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INDUSY AND ENGINEERING (CHINA)
2014年
10期
4203-4211
,共9页
赵晨露%黄维秋%钟璟%王文捷%徐先阳%王英霞
趙晨露%黃維鞦%鐘璟%王文捷%徐先暘%王英霞
조신로%황유추%종경%왕문첩%서선양%왕영하
外浮顶罐%油气泄漏%数值模拟%风压分布%蒸发%扩散
外浮頂罐%油氣洩漏%數值模擬%風壓分佈%蒸髮%擴散
외부정관%유기설루%수치모의%풍압분포%증발%확산
external floating-roof tank%oil vapor leakage%numerical simulation%wind pressure distribution%evaporation%diffusion
外浮顶罐油气泄漏扩散规律的研究对其油品蒸发损耗的评估及潜在危险的控制都具有重要意义。外浮顶罐油品蒸发损耗的一个主要途径是油气从浮盘边圈密封处泄漏。为此,对单浮盘环形密封圈的油气泄漏规律进行了数值模拟与实验对比,同时考察了罐直径、浮盘位置和风速大小对浮盘上风压分布的影响。研究结果表明:(1)油气泄漏的模拟结果与实验相吻合。(2)浮盘距罐顶的距离h与罐直径D的比值大于1/4时,垂直风向的浮盘两侧和上风侧最易泄漏。(3)浮盘上的风压分布规律受罐直径影响不大,但浮盘上方空间的高径比h/D和风速大小对其有较大影响。h/D较大时,浮盘中部的风压较低;h/D较小时,浮盘上风侧的风压较低;h/D在1/20~1/2范围内时,浮盘上下风侧风压均为负压;浮盘上的压差随着h/D比值的减小而增大。最后建议API外浮顶罐油气蒸发损耗评估公式中考虑h/D比值的影响。
外浮頂罐油氣洩漏擴散規律的研究對其油品蒸髮損耗的評估及潛在危險的控製都具有重要意義。外浮頂罐油品蒸髮損耗的一箇主要途徑是油氣從浮盤邊圈密封處洩漏。為此,對單浮盤環形密封圈的油氣洩漏規律進行瞭數值模擬與實驗對比,同時攷察瞭罐直徑、浮盤位置和風速大小對浮盤上風壓分佈的影響。研究結果錶明:(1)油氣洩漏的模擬結果與實驗相吻閤。(2)浮盤距罐頂的距離h與罐直徑D的比值大于1/4時,垂直風嚮的浮盤兩側和上風側最易洩漏。(3)浮盤上的風壓分佈規律受罐直徑影響不大,但浮盤上方空間的高徑比h/D和風速大小對其有較大影響。h/D較大時,浮盤中部的風壓較低;h/D較小時,浮盤上風側的風壓較低;h/D在1/20~1/2範圍內時,浮盤上下風側風壓均為負壓;浮盤上的壓差隨著h/D比值的減小而增大。最後建議API外浮頂罐油氣蒸髮損耗評估公式中攷慮h/D比值的影響。
외부정관유기설루확산규률적연구대기유품증발손모적평고급잠재위험적공제도구유중요의의。외부정관유품증발손모적일개주요도경시유기종부반변권밀봉처설루。위차,대단부반배형밀봉권적유기설루규률진행료수치모의여실험대비,동시고찰료관직경、부반위치화풍속대소대부반상풍압분포적영향。연구결과표명:(1)유기설루적모의결과여실험상문합。(2)부반거관정적거리h여관직경D적비치대우1/4시,수직풍향적부반량측화상풍측최역설루。(3)부반상적풍압분포규률수관직경영향불대,단부반상방공간적고경비h/D화풍속대소대기유교대영향。h/D교대시,부반중부적풍압교저;h/D교소시,부반상풍측적풍압교저;h/D재1/20~1/2범위내시,부반상하풍측풍압균위부압;부반상적압차수착h/D비치적감소이증대。최후건의API외부정관유기증발손모평고공식중고필h/D비치적영향。
It is important to investigate the oil vapor leakage and emission from external floating-roof tanks for the loss evaluation and potential danger control. The oil vapor leakage from the annular space between the rim and the tank shell is one of the major sources for the evaporation loss. The vapor leakages from the rim of the single-tray floating roof are simulated numerically using FLUENT and measured experimentally. The effects of tank diameter, roof level and wind speedv on the pressure distribution above the roof surface are investigated. The results are as follows. (1) Numerical results agree with the experimental data. (2) When the ratio of the distanceh between floating-roof and tank top to the tank diameterD,h/D, is greater than 1/4, the vapor is more likely to leak from the two opposite sides of the annular space perpendicular to wind direction and the side of the annular space in the upwind. (3) Tank diameter has little effect on the pressure distribution above the roof surface, whileh/D andv affect the pressure distribution. Largerh/Dlowers the wind pressure of roof center, and smallerh/D lowers the upwind pressure above the roof. Whenh/D varies from 1/20 to 1/2, the upwind and downwind pressures are negative, and with the decrease ofh/D, the differential pressure above the roof increases. API loss formula for external floating-roof tank is recommended to consider the effect of ratioh/D to improve the accuracy in loss evaluation.