CAJ | 학술논문

近年来，碳排放研究已被世界广泛重视，其核算方法直接影响到碳排放数据的可靠性。文章针对近年来碳排放领域的核算研究，从理论上讨论了 IPCC 和中国关于碳排放项目清单，对比分析了排放因子法、质量平衡法和实测法3种主要碳排放核算方法的优缺点及适用对象；从实践上将核算清单项目与方法细化到国家/省区、城市、住区、单体建筑和家庭5个空间尺度单元。在总结现有研究成果的基础上，概括出了碳排放研究的范式与框架。综述发现：1）碳排放研究已形成以IPCC为主导、各方积极参与的局面，目前已发展成为一个范式清晰、方法成熟、使用范围广泛、与时代紧密结合的研究领域；2）IPCC提出的排放清单与核算方法在各空间单元尺度开展实践，并在解决城市问题过程中产生新的学科增长点；3）碳排放核算仍然存在尺度关注不均衡，中观尺度研究较少，以及核算方法的自身缺陷，数据获取的外部限制等问题；4）中国形成了适合本国的碳排放清单，在历史碳排放、碳排放区域差异以及自然系统碳排放等方面取得了一些进展，但存在理论创新少、方法探索不多、数据获取受限等问题。
근년래，탄배방연구이피세계엄범중시，기핵산방법직접영향도탄배방수거적가고성。문장침대근년래탄배방영역적핵산연구，종이론상토론료 IPCC 화중국관우탄배방항목청단，대비분석료배방인자법、질량평형법화실측법3충주요탄배방핵산방법적우결점급괄용대상；종실천상장핵산청단항목여방법세화도국가/성구、성시、주구、단체건축화가정5개공간척도단원。재총결현유연구성과적기출상，개괄출료탄배방연구적범식여광가。종술발현：1）탄배방연구이형성이IPCC위주도、각방적겁삼여적국면，목전이발전성위일개범식청석、방법성숙、사용범위엄범、여시대긴밀결합적연구영역；2）IPCC제출적배방청단여핵산방법재각공간단원척도개전실천，병재해결성시문제과정중산생신적학과증장점；3）탄배방핵산잉연존재척도관주불균형，중관척도연구교소，이급핵산방법적자신결함，수거획취적외부한제등문제；4）중국형성료괄합본국적탄배방청단，재역사탄배방、탄배방구역차이이급자연계통탄배방등방면취득료일사진전，단존재이론창신소、방법탐색불다、수거획취수한등문제。
Much attention in the world has been paid to study of Carbon emission. The reliability of carbon emission data depends on the reasonability of estimating method. In recent years progress has been made in research of carbon emission estimating methods. This paper discussed different carbon emission inventories of IPCC and China in theory, analyzed the pros and cons of three main approaches of estimating carbon emission as well as their appropriate objects, which are emission-factor approach, mass-balance approach, and experiment approach. Then in practice, the paper set out the inventories of carbon emission and the estimating approaches based on five spatial scales of units, which are country/province, city, settlement, individual building and family. Summarizing the existing research results, the paper put up a frame and a paradigm of carbon emission research. The main conclusions can be drawn as follows: 1) such a situation has been formed that IPCC leads the examination of carbon emission with many other agencies taking part in. The research area has had now much clearer framework, better approaches and broader appropriate scope. 2) The inventory and estimating approaches given by IPCC have been used in studying different spatial scales of units. Some new branches of learning are generated when they are used in city unit. 3) The study of carbon emission estimation still has problems, such as the disequilibrium of the studies on different spatial scale units that leads to less attention to be paid to the study of meso-scale units, the defects of the estimation methods themselves, and the external limitation of data acquisition, etc. 4) China has produced the inventory which is suitable for her own situation. In addition, a lot of progress in China have been made in the examinations of historic carbon emissions, regional differences of carbon emissions, and carbon emissions from natural ecosystems. But the problems of lacking in innovation of theory, less improvement of research methods and limitation in data obtaining still exist.