CAJ | 학술논문

以钢铁产业、石化产业、汽车制造产业为对象，分析和对比其空间分布特征。以这3类产业的大中型企业为样本，依据企业选址的实际数据，构建离散选择模型，基于模型中效用函数系数，研究这3类临港产业选址行为的差异，尤其是偏好“选址临港地区”程度的差异。同时，从原材料来源、海运方式分担率、产品需求分布等方面分析3类产业临港偏好程度差异的原因。研究发现：1）石化产业靠近沿海沿江区域的现象最明显，其离散程度介于钢铁产业和汽车制造产业之间；钢铁产业除选址在沿海沿江地区外，还有部分选址在离矿山较近的内陆地区，其离散程度最大；而汽车制造产业选址靠近沿海区域的现象不显著，其离散程度最小。2）产业选址效用随到港口、原材料供应地、产品市场可达性的提高而增加，随地价和劳动力成本的上升而减少。3）从标定的选址效用函数的各项系数看，3类产业选址时对主要影响因素的重视程度有所不同，这可以反过来解释各产业临港偏好程度的差异性。4）临港产业临港需求的产生主要受产业运输成本驱动，表现在利用海运方式降低原材料运输成本以及就近服务于产品需求地以降低内陆运输成本2方面。经比较发现石化产业的综合运输成本高于钢铁产业，因此石化产业表现出最强的临港偏好程度。
이강철산업、석화산업、기차제조산업위대상，분석화대비기공간분포특정。이저3류산업적대중형기업위양본，의거기업선지적실제수거，구건리산선택모형，기우모형중효용함수계수，연구저3류림항산업선지행위적차이，우기시편호“선지림항지구”정도적차이。동시，종원재료래원、해운방식분담솔、산품수구분포등방면분석3류산업림항편호정도차이적원인。연구발현：1）석화산업고근연해연강구역적현상최명현，기리산정도개우강철산업화기차제조산업지간；강철산업제선지재연해연강지구외，환유부분선지재리광산교근적내륙지구，기리산정도최대；이기차제조산업선지고근연해구역적현상불현저，기리산정도최소。2）산업선지효용수도항구、원재료공응지、산품시장가체성적제고이증가，수지개화노동력성본적상승이감소。3）종표정적선지효용함수적각항계수간，3류산업선지시대주요영향인소적중시정도유소불동，저가이반과래해석각산업림항편호정도적차이성。4）림항산업림항수구적산생주요수산업운수성본구동，표현재이용해운방식강저원재료운수성본이급취근복무우산품수구지이강저내륙운수성본2방면。경비교발현석화산업적종합운수성본고우강철산업，인차석화산업표현출최강적림항편호정도。
This paper firstly studies and compares the spatial distribution characteristics of the steel industry, the petrochemical industry and the automobile manufacturing industry. Then the paper selects a large number of large and medium-sized enterprises as the samples, and formulates the discrete choice model based on the actual location result of the enterprises. Furthermore, based on the calibrated parameters of the utility function in the discrete choice model, the paper analyzes the difference in the location behavior of the three port-related industries, especially in the preference for the proximity to the ports. Finally, the reasons for the difference in the port-proximity preference among the three industries are explained from the source of raw materials, the modal split of shipping and the distribution of product demand. Main conclusions are as follows. Firstly, the characteristics of the spatial distribution for the petrochemical industry demonstrate that it prefers to locate in the coastal areas and along the Yangtze River the most, and that it has an intermediate dispersion degree. The steel industry not only prefers to locate in the coastal areas, but also prefers to locate in the inland areas near the mines, and the industry has the largest dispersion degree. The automobile manufacturing industry has not significant preference for the coastal areas and has the smallest dispersion degree. Secondly, the utility brought by the industries’ location increases with the improvement of the accessibility to the port, to the raw material suppliers and to the product markets, but declines with the rise in the land price and the labor cost. Thirdly, the calibrated parameters of the utility function demonstrate that the three industries lay different emphasis on the factors influencing the location utility, which could explain the reasons for the difference in the port-proximity preference in turn. Fourthly, the demand for the proximity to port is driven by the desire to decline the transport cost, demonstrating in the reduction of the transport cost for raw materials and products by shipping and moving nearer to the places which have great demand for the products. Although the steel industry depends more on the foreign raw materials and has higher modal split of shipping, the coastal areas have more demand for the petrochemical products. It is found that the total transport cost of the petrochemical industry is higher than that of the steel industry, so the petrochemical industry shows the strongest preference for the proximity to the port. Comparatively, the automobile manufacturing industry has the weakest preference for the port-proximity mainly for its low dependence on the foreign raw materials and the coastal demand.