CAJ | 학술논문

屈光不正是成人视力损害的重要原因之一，分为近视眼、远视眼及散光等3种类型。造成屈光不正的原因众多，其中遗传因素是重要的原因之一，此外不合理的用眼也是不可忽视的原因。目前认为与近视眼发病相关的因素，主要有遗传因素、环境因素及受教育程度等，核性白内障也可以导致正常的成年人向近视眼的转变。远视眼和散光会随着成人年龄的增长而加重。性别与成年人屈光不正的相关性尚不确定。许多研究表明，屈光不正现已成为导致成年人视觉功能损害的重要原因。鉴于屈光不正的发病与许多因素相关，为了早期发现和预防成年人屈光不正的发生，有必要对成年人屈光不正的相关影响因素进行归纳总结。笔者拟对成年人屈光不正的定义、分型及相关影响因素进行综述。
굴광불정시성인시력손해적중요원인지일，분위근시안、원시안급산광등3충류형。조성굴광불정적원인음다，기중유전인소시중요적원인지일，차외불합리적용안야시불가홀시적원인。목전인위여근시안발병상관적인소，주요유유전인소、배경인소급수교육정도등，핵성백내장야가이도치정상적성년인향근시안적전변。원시안화산광회수착성인년령적증장이가중。성별여성년인굴광불정적상관성상불학정。허다연구표명，굴광불정현이성위도치성년인시각공능손해적중요원인。감우굴광불정적발병여허다인소상관，위료조기발현화예방성년인굴광불정적발생，유필요대성년인굴광불정적상관영향인소진행귀납총결。필자의대성년인굴광불정적정의、분형급상관영향인소진행종술。
Refractive error or ametropia is one of the most important causes of visual impairment in adults.Ametropia can be categorized into three subtypes:myopia,hyperopia and astigmatism.There are many causes of refractive error, among which genetic factor is playing a very important role.In addition to the genetic factor,environmental factor is also important.Moreover,inappropriate use of eyes has been recognized as an assignable cause of ametropia, nuclear cataract may lead to the development of adult myopia, and increasing age may increase the risk of adult hyperopia and astigmatism.With regard to the effect of gender on adult refractive error development, the current literature remains inconclusive.Given the significant impact and multifactorial etiology of ametropia,we attempt to present a comprehensive review on the current status of research on the classification, prevalence and causes of ametropia in adults, which would be helpful to the development of potential prevention strategies.