CAJ | 학술논문

热力学是一个古老的课题，古典热力学以宏观的具有大粒子数的系统为研究对象，自17世纪以来，科学家们构建了热力学的完备公理化体系。将热力学推广至小系统是近三十年来的研究前沿。文章介绍小系统的非平衡统计力学以及小系统的随机热力学。作为研究案例，利用时间依赖的谐振子势场控制单个粒子来构造随机热机的类卡诺循环，并发现该热机最大功率对应的效率等于1- Tc/Th ，其中Tc和Th分别对应于低温热库和高温热库的温度。
열역학시일개고로적과제，고전열역학이굉관적구유대입자수적계통위연구대상，자17세기이래，과학가문구건료열역학적완비공이화체계。장열역학추엄지소계통시근삼십년래적연구전연。문장개소소계통적비평형통계역학이급소계통적수궤열역학。작위연구안례，이용시간의뢰적해진자세장공제단개입자래구조수궤열궤적류잡낙순배，병발현해열궤최대공솔대응적효솔등우1- Tc/Th ，기중Tc화Th분별대응우저온열고화고온열고적온도。
Thermodynamics is an old subject. The research objects in conventional thermo-dynamics are macroscopic systems with huge number of particles. In recent 30 years, thermody-namics of small systems is a frontier topic in physics. Here we introduce nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and stochastic thermodynamics of small systems. As a case study, we construct a Canot-like cycle of a stochastic heat engine with a single particle controlled by a time-dependent harmonic potential. We find that the efficiency at maximum power is 1- Tc/Th , where Tc and Th are the temperatures of cold bath and hot bath, respectively.