农业环境科学学报
農業環境科學學報
농업배경과학학보
Journal of Agro-Environment Science
2014年
7期
1379-1387
,共9页
AnnAGNPS模型%非点源污染%情景分析%大沽河流域
AnnAGNPS模型%非點源汙染%情景分析%大沽河流域
AnnAGNPS모형%비점원오염%정경분석%대고하류역
AnnAGNPS model%non-point source pollution%scenario analysis%Dagu watershed
在检验了农业非点源污染模型---AnnAGNPS模型在胶东半岛大沽河流域适用性的基础上，估算了1998-2011年大沽河流域的年径流量和可溶性氮负荷，其多年均值分别为3.58×108 m3和4.27×103 t，其中，受流域年内降水分布和水库、拦河闸（坝）等水利工程、农田灌溉以及排污排废等人类活动的影响，6-9月（汛期）是径流量和可溶性氮负荷入海的主要时段，而非汛期的输出量则较小。空间上，流域南部可溶性氮负荷量明显大于流域北部，这与流域南部以耕地为主的土地利用类型以及工业、生活排污排废等关系密切，耕地施肥是大沽河流域可溶性氮的主要来源，其次为居民地。情景分析表明，减少化肥施用量以及采取保护性耕作措施均能降低大沽河流域非点源污染负荷的输出量，但在不影响作物产量的前提下适当减少施肥量及采取秸秆留茬覆盖是流域非点源污染控制比较有效的措施。
在檢驗瞭農業非點源汙染模型---AnnAGNPS模型在膠東半島大沽河流域適用性的基礎上，估算瞭1998-2011年大沽河流域的年徑流量和可溶性氮負荷，其多年均值分彆為3.58×108 m3和4.27×103 t，其中，受流域年內降水分佈和水庫、攔河閘（壩）等水利工程、農田灌溉以及排汙排廢等人類活動的影響，6-9月（汛期）是徑流量和可溶性氮負荷入海的主要時段，而非汛期的輸齣量則較小。空間上，流域南部可溶性氮負荷量明顯大于流域北部，這與流域南部以耕地為主的土地利用類型以及工業、生活排汙排廢等關繫密切，耕地施肥是大沽河流域可溶性氮的主要來源，其次為居民地。情景分析錶明，減少化肥施用量以及採取保護性耕作措施均能降低大沽河流域非點源汙染負荷的輸齣量，但在不影響作物產量的前提下適噹減少施肥量及採取秸稈留茬覆蓋是流域非點源汙染控製比較有效的措施。
재검험료농업비점원오염모형---AnnAGNPS모형재효동반도대고하류역괄용성적기출상，고산료1998-2011년대고하류역적년경류량화가용성담부하，기다년균치분별위3.58×108 m3화4.27×103 t，기중，수류역년내강수분포화수고、란하갑（패）등수리공정、농전관개이급배오배폐등인류활동적영향，6-9월（신기）시경류량화가용성담부하입해적주요시단，이비신기적수출량칙교소。공간상，류역남부가용성담부하량명현대우류역북부，저여류역남부이경지위주적토지이용류형이급공업、생활배오배폐등관계밀절，경지시비시대고하류역가용성담적주요래원，기차위거민지。정경분석표명，감소화비시용량이급채취보호성경작조시균능강저대고하류역비점원오염부하적수출량，단재불영향작물산량적전제하괄당감소시비량급채취갈간류치복개시류역비점원오염공제비교유효적조시。
Non-point source pollution is characteristized with wide scale, great casualness, and poor predictability. In this study, the An-nAGNPS(Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source)model was calibrated and validated in Dagu watershed of Jiaodong Peninsula with ob-served runoff and dissolved nitrogen data. The spatio-temperal distribution of dissolved nitrogen load was then estimated using the calibrat-ed model. Annual average runoff and dissolved nitrogen load from Dagu watershed into Jiaozhou bay were 3.58×108 m3 and 4.27×103 t, re-spectively, occurring mainly during flood-season from June to September. Both were influenced by meterological factors such as seasonal precipitation distribution, intensive human activities such as reservoir and dam operation, farmland irrigation and sewage waste discharge. Spatially, the dissolved nitrogen load was greater in southern than in northern part, which was due to agricultural activities and industrial and domestic sewage discharges. Fertilization contributed mainly to dissolved nitrogen load in Dagu watershed, followed by sewage waste discharge from residential areas. Based on scenario simulation, reducing chemical fertilizers and practicing conservation tillage could de-crease nutrient load from Dagu watershed without lowering crop production.
