中国烟草科学
中國煙草科學
중국연초과학
CHINESE TOBACCO SCIENCE
2014年
2期
131-138
,共8页
闫新甫%孔劲松%罗安娜%郑江%杜兆生
閆新甫%孔勁鬆%囉安娜%鄭江%杜兆生
염신보%공경송%라안나%정강%두조생
烤烟%优化结构%上等烟比例%理论值%实际值
烤煙%優化結構%上等煙比例%理論值%實際值
고연%우화결구%상등연비례%이론치%실제치
flue-cured tobacco%structure optimization%high-class-leaf proportion%theoretical value%actual value
依据烤烟单株叶片数和单叶重，采用全国烟叶收购数据和工商交接等级质量监督抽检数据估算烟叶上等烟比例理论最大值和实际值。结果表明，在优质烟生产条件下依据单株叶片数估算烤烟上等烟比例理论最大值为60%；依据单叶重估算，上等烟比例理论最大值为69.3%，实际值全国平均为30.1%，最高的产区不到45%，低的为10%左右，绝大部分产区在40%以下。田间处理不适用烟叶的优化结构措施能够提高一定的上等烟比例，按重量实际值“上1下2”模式平均提高到33.5%，最高的产区提高到49.6%；“上2下2”模式平均提高到35.2%，最高的产区提高到52.2%；“上3下2”模式平均提高到37.2%，最高的产区提高到55.1%；“上3下3”模式平均提高到38.5%，最高的产区提高到57.1%，绝大部分产区在50%以下。最后得出，即使采取优化结构措施，上等烟比例提高的空间也是有限度的，解决烟叶原料结构性供需矛盾应采取多种方法，多措并举。
依據烤煙單株葉片數和單葉重，採用全國煙葉收購數據和工商交接等級質量鑑督抽檢數據估算煙葉上等煙比例理論最大值和實際值。結果錶明，在優質煙生產條件下依據單株葉片數估算烤煙上等煙比例理論最大值為60%；依據單葉重估算，上等煙比例理論最大值為69.3%，實際值全國平均為30.1%，最高的產區不到45%，低的為10%左右，絕大部分產區在40%以下。田間處理不適用煙葉的優化結構措施能夠提高一定的上等煙比例，按重量實際值“上1下2”模式平均提高到33.5%，最高的產區提高到49.6%；“上2下2”模式平均提高到35.2%，最高的產區提高到52.2%；“上3下2”模式平均提高到37.2%，最高的產區提高到55.1%；“上3下3”模式平均提高到38.5%，最高的產區提高到57.1%，絕大部分產區在50%以下。最後得齣，即使採取優化結構措施，上等煙比例提高的空間也是有限度的，解決煙葉原料結構性供需矛盾應採取多種方法，多措併舉。
의거고연단주협편수화단협중，채용전국연협수구수거화공상교접등급질량감독추검수거고산연협상등연비례이론최대치화실제치。결과표명，재우질연생산조건하의거단주협편수고산고연상등연비례이론최대치위60%；의거단협중고산，상등연비례이론최대치위69.3%，실제치전국평균위30.1%，최고적산구불도45%，저적위10%좌우，절대부분산구재40%이하。전간처리불괄용연협적우화결구조시능구제고일정적상등연비례，안중량실제치“상1하2”모식평균제고도33.5%，최고적산구제고도49.6%；“상2하2”모식평균제고도35.2%，최고적산구제고도52.2%；“상3하2”모식평균제고도37.2%，최고적산구제고도55.1%；“상3하3”모식평균제고도38.5%，최고적산구제고도57.1%，절대부분산구재50%이하。최후득출，즉사채취우화결구조시，상등연비례제고적공간야시유한도적，해결연협원료결구성공수모순응채취다충방법，다조병거。
Using the data of national purchase tobaccos and supervision of leaf grade quality during industry/commerce hand-over tobaccos, the maximum theoretical and practical values of the high-class-leaf percentage (HCLP) of flue cured tobacco were estimated by the leaf number and weight per leaf of individual plant. The result showed that the ultimate theoretical value of the HCLP of flue cured tobacco in perfect condition was 60%based on the leaf number of individual plant. On account of the weight per leaf, the ultimate theoretical value of HCLP was 69.3%, whereas the practical value was 30.1%for the worldwide average value, less than 45%for the maximum value and about 10%for the minimum value in tobacco-growing district, less than 40%for the actual value in majority of the provinces. The HCLP was increased to some degree after different modes of optimizing structure in the field by removing top (T) and bottom (B) leaves which were inapplicable in the cigarette formula. The actual value of HCLP on the base of weight per leaf was 33.5% averagely in the mode of removing 1 top leaf and 2 bottom leaves (“T1B2” for short, similarly hereinafter), reaching its highest level 49.6%in tobacco-growing provinces;35.2%averagely in“T2B2”mode, reaching its highest level 52.2%;37.2%averagely in“T3B2”mode, reaching its highest level 55.1%;38.5%averagely in“T2B2”mode, running up to its highest level 57.1%, below 50% about this actual in majority of the provinces. It was concluded that the modes of optimizing structure have limitation in the increase of HCLP. Various ways should be adopted to resolve the imbalance between supply and demand of tobacco leaf in structure.
