CAJ | 학술논문

为了揭示近地表倾斜矿体开采过程中地表及覆岩变形破坏机制，以某铜矿一典型地质剖面为原型，运用物理概化模型试验，联合UDEC数值模拟，分析了地表及覆岩变形破坏随不同开采步的变化规律。物理模拟与数值模拟均表明：开采-45 m以上的矿体，覆岩局部扰动，位移小。当开采-75~-45 m 之间的矿体，覆岩位移加大，陷落区范围逐渐扩大，岩体出现离层，破坏波及地表。如果对预留矿柱进行开采，覆岩整体崩塌，离层显著，覆岩块体出现错动与转动，破坏直达地表。合理采用概化物理模型试验技术，联合数值模拟，可以既直观又准确地模拟地表及覆岩变形破坏的动态演化过程。
위료게시근지표경사광체개채과정중지표급복암변형파배궤제，이모동광일전형지질부면위원형，운용물리개화모형시험，연합UDEC수치모의，분석료지표급복암변형파배수불동개채보적변화규률。물리모의여수치모의균표명：개채-45 m이상적광체，복암국부우동，위이소。당개채-75~-45 m 지간적광체，복암위이가대，함락구범위축점확대，암체출현리층，파배파급지표。여과대예류광주진행개채，복암정체붕탑，리층현저，복암괴체출현착동여전동，파배직체지표。합리채용개화물리모형시험기술，연합수치모의，가이기직관우준학지모의지표급복암변형파배적동태연화과정。
In order to reveal the mechanism of deformation and failure of ground surface and overlying rock caused by the extracting inclined ore body near surface, the paper takes a typical geological section of a copper mine for example. The generalized physical model experiment and UDEC numerical simu-lation are applied to analyze the change law on deformation and failure of ground surface and overlying rock in different extracting steps. Both the physical model experiment and numerical simulation show that when the ore body is extracted above at-45 m, the local disturbance in the overlying rock will occur with small displacement; when the ore body between -45 m and -75 m is extracted, the displacement will increase and the subsidence area will gradually expand. Consequently, abscission layer appear and the damage spread to surface. If the reserved rock pillars are extracted, the overlying rock will collapse entirely and the abscission layer will become obvious; thus, dislocation and rotation will appear in overlying rock, and the rock failure spread to the ground surface. Rational utilization of generalized physical model experiment, coupled with numerical simulation, will intuitively and accurately simulate the dynamic evolution process on deformation of ground surface and overlying rock.