CAJ | 학술논문

【目的】比较分析两个意蜂品种及其杂交子代间的形态特征差异和杂种优势情况，为进一步探究两个意蜂品系杂交子代的生产性能和杂种优势提供理论依据。【方法】采集意大利蜜蜂王浆高产蜂种、美意蜂种及其正交、反交子代4个类型共12群蜜蜂样本，每群测定分析15只，共测定40个形态指标，计算杂种优势率，同时进行相关的因素分析、区辨分析和聚类分析。【结果】在20个与意蜂体型大小相关的形态特征指标中，王浆高产蜂种有15个指标高于美意蜂种，反交子代中有17个指标高于正交子代；在8个与意蜂体色相关的形态特征指标中，王浆高产蜂种的色度平均值比美意蜂种的高，而反交子代的色度平均值比正交子代的低；在9个与生产力相关的形态特征指标方面，反交子代较正交子代更具杂种优势。4个类型意蜂品种的因素分析结果表明，3个主因素的总变异系数为53.291%，主要是与体型大小有关的特征指标；区辨分析结果表明，正交子代、反交子代与王浆高产蜂种基本聚在一起，美意蜂种则相对分开；聚类分析结果表明，反交子代与王浆高产蜂种、美意蜂种聚为一个分支，而正交子代单独为一个分支。【结论】蜜蜂亲本相同，但杂交组配方法不同，其后代的形态特征指标也存在明显差异。
【목적】비교분석량개의봉품충급기잡교자대간적형태특정차이화잡충우세정황，위진일보탐구량개의봉품계잡교자대적생산성능화잡충우세제공이론의거。【방법】채집의대리밀봉왕장고산봉충、미의봉충급기정교、반교자대4개류형공12군밀봉양본，매군측정분석15지，공측정40개형태지표，계산잡충우세솔，동시진행상관적인소분석、구변분석화취류분석。【결과】재20개여의봉체형대소상관적형태특정지표중，왕장고산봉충유15개지표고우미의봉충，반교자대중유17개지표고우정교자대；재8개여의봉체색상관적형태특정지표중，왕장고산봉충적색도평균치비미의봉충적고，이반교자대적색도평균치비정교자대적저；재9개여생산력상관적형태특정지표방면，반교자대교정교자대경구잡충우세。4개류형의봉품충적인소분석결과표명，3개주인소적총변이계수위53.291%，주요시여체형대소유관적특정지표；구변분석결과표명，정교자대、반교자대여왕장고산봉충기본취재일기，미의봉충칙상대분개；취류분석결과표명，반교자대여왕장고산봉충、미의봉충취위일개분지，이정교자대단독위일개분지。【결론】밀봉친본상동，단잡교조배방법불동，기후대적형태특정지표야존재명현차이。
[Objective]Morphological characteristics and heterosis of two varieties of Apis mellifera and their cis-hy-bridization and trans-hybridization offspring were compared in order to provide references for further research on productivity and heterosis of the two varieties.[Method]Twelve samples of American-Italian hybrid bees, the honeybees of high yield royal jelly breed and their filial generation (cis-hybridization, trans-hybridization) were collected. Forty morphological indexes of fifteen bees per group were measured to calculate heterosis rate for factor analysis, discriminant analysis and cluster analysis.[Result]In 20 body size-related morphological indicators, 15 indicators of the honeybees of high yield royal jelly breed were higher than those of American-Italian bees. Seventeen body-related indicators of the trans-hybridization progeny were higher than those of cis-hybridization offspring. Among the 8 body color related morphological indicators, average color value of the honeybees of high yield royal jelly breed was higher than that of American-Italian bees. Average color value of the trans-hy-bridization progeny was lower than that of cis-hybridization. Among the 9 optimized productivity related indicators, heterosis of the trans-hybrid offspring was better than that of cis-hybridization offspring. Factor analysis results of the four types of Italian bee species showed that total variation coefficient of the three factors was 53.291%, mainly with the characteristic indexes of size. Discriminant analysis results showed that the cis-hybridization offspring, the trans-hybridization progeny and the honey-bees of high yield royal jelly breed were basically in the same group, while the American-Italian bees were relatively separat-ed. Clustering analysis results showed that the trans-hybridization progeny, the honeybees of high yield royal jelly breed and the American-Italian bees gathered for a branch, while the cis-hybridization offspring was separate. [Conclusion]Even if the parents are the same, morphological indexes of the offspring are totally different under different hybrid equipping methods.