CAJ | 학술논문

【目的】探讨栀子种子萌发受抑制的原因及抑制物存在的部位，寻求提高发芽率的最佳方法，为其人工栽培提供参考。【方法】以江西樟树和安徽亳州两个栀子主产地的栀子果实为材料，探讨浓硫酸浸泡2~24 h对栀子种子吸水率的影响；研究栀子种子、果肉和果皮甲醇提取液（0.005~0.050 g/mL）对白菜种子发芽率和幼苗生长的抑制作用；测定浓硫酸、赤霉素（0~1.5 g/mL）和生长素（0.1~5.0 g/mL）、不同温度（15.0~30.0℃）和发芽床（蛭石、纱布、滤纸、湿沙）等处理的栀子种子发芽率。【结果】浓硫酸处理后不同产地栀子种子的吸水率普遍提高，达到饱和时其种子平均吸水率高于未酸蚀种子34.31%。果肉甲醇浸提液对白菜种子发芽的抑制作用更高。随着栀子果皮或种子的甲醇浸提液浓度的增加，白菜种子萌发势和发芽率呈缓慢下降趋势；经0.005~0.015 g/mL果肉甲醇浸提液处理的白菜种子萌发势和发芽率缓慢下降，但当大于0.015 g/mL时，白菜种子萌发势和发芽率急剧降低；随着果实甲醇提取液浓度的提高，白菜发芽种子根明显变短，芽缩短，长势变弱，以果肉的甲醇提取液抑制物作用最强，其次为果皮、种子；此外，提取液对根的抑制作用强于对芽的抑制作用。浓硫酸处理的栀子种子发芽率为零，且种子极易霉变。随着生长素浓度的增加，栀子种子发芽率明显降低，种子出现发黑现象。在0.3~1.2 g/mL赤霉素范围内时，随着赤霉素浓度的提高，栀子发芽率逐渐升高，其中以1.2 g/mL赤霉素的发芽率最高。在20~30℃范围内，栀子种子有较高的发芽率，而在20℃以下，发芽率极低。在30℃最适温度条件下，以滤纸的种子发芽率和发芽势最高，其次为湿沙、纱布、蛭石。【结论】栀子果肉和果皮中均存在抑制种子萌发的物质，是抑制种子萌发的首要因素。栀子果皮、种子和果肉中抑制白菜种子萌发的化学物质种类或数量可能不同。浓硫酸、生长素对栀子种子发芽具有抑制作用，赤霉素则具有促进作用。栀子种子的最适发芽条件为：用1.2 mg/mL赤霉素避光浸泡48 h后，在滤纸培养床上30℃恒温避光培养。【目的】探討梔子種子萌髮受抑製的原因及抑製物存在的部位，尋求提高髮芽率的最佳方法，為其人工栽培提供參攷。【方法】以江西樟樹和安徽亳州兩箇梔子主產地的梔子果實為材料，探討濃硫痠浸泡2~24 h對梔子種子吸水率的影響；研究梔子種子、果肉和果皮甲醇提取液（0.005~0.050 g/mL）對白菜種子髮芽率和幼苗生長的抑製作用；測定濃硫痠、赤黴素（0~1.5 g/mL）和生長素（0.1~5.0 g/mL）、不同溫度（15.0~30.0℃）和髮芽床（蛭石、紗佈、濾紙、濕沙）等處理的梔子種子髮芽率。【結果】濃硫痠處理後不同產地梔子種子的吸水率普遍提高，達到飽和時其種子平均吸水率高于未痠蝕種子34.31%。果肉甲醇浸提液對白菜種子髮芽的抑製作用更高。隨著梔子果皮或種子的甲醇浸提液濃度的增加，白菜種子萌髮勢和髮芽率呈緩慢下降趨勢；經0.005~0.015 g/mL果肉甲醇浸提液處理的白菜種子萌髮勢和髮芽率緩慢下降，但噹大于0.015 g/mL時，白菜種子萌髮勢和髮芽率急劇降低；隨著果實甲醇提取液濃度的提高，白菜髮芽種子根明顯變短，芽縮短，長勢變弱，以果肉的甲醇提取液抑製物作用最彊，其次為果皮、種子；此外，提取液對根的抑製作用彊于對芽的抑製作用。濃硫痠處理的梔子種子髮芽率為零，且種子極易黴變。隨著生長素濃度的增加，梔子種子髮芽率明顯降低，種子齣現髮黑現象。在0.3~1.2 g/mL赤黴素範圍內時，隨著赤黴素濃度的提高，梔子髮芽率逐漸升高，其中以1.2 g/mL赤黴素的髮芽率最高。在20~30℃範圍內，梔子種子有較高的髮芽率，而在20℃以下，髮芽率極低。在30℃最適溫度條件下，以濾紙的種子髮芽率和髮芽勢最高，其次為濕沙、紗佈、蛭石。【結論】梔子果肉和果皮中均存在抑製種子萌髮的物質，是抑製種子萌髮的首要因素。梔子果皮、種子和果肉中抑製白菜種子萌髮的化學物質種類或數量可能不同。濃硫痠、生長素對梔子種子髮芽具有抑製作用，赤黴素則具有促進作用。梔子種子的最適髮芽條件為：用1.2 mg/mL赤黴素避光浸泡48 h後，在濾紙培養床上30℃恆溫避光培養。
【목적】탐토치자충자맹발수억제적원인급억제물존재적부위，심구제고발아솔적최가방법，위기인공재배제공삼고。【방법】이강서장수화안휘박주량개치자주산지적치자과실위재료，탐토농류산침포2~24 h대치자충자흡수솔적영향；연구치자충자、과육화과피갑순제취액（0.005~0.050 g/mL）대백채충자발아솔화유묘생장적억제작용；측정농류산、적매소（0~1.5 g/mL）화생장소（0.1~5.0 g/mL）、불동온도（15.0~30.0℃）화발아상（질석、사포、려지、습사）등처리적치자충자발아솔。【결과】농류산처리후불동산지치자충자적흡수솔보편제고，체도포화시기충자평균흡수솔고우미산식충자34.31%。과육갑순침제액대백채충자발아적억제작용경고。수착치자과피혹충자적갑순침제액농도적증가，백채충자맹발세화발아솔정완만하강추세；경0.005~0.015 g/mL과육갑순침제액처리적백채충자맹발세화발아솔완만하강，단당대우0.015 g/mL시，백채충자맹발세화발아솔급극강저；수착과실갑순제취액농도적제고，백채발아충자근명현변단，아축단，장세변약，이과육적갑순제취액억제물작용최강，기차위과피、충자；차외，제취액대근적억제작용강우대아적억제작용。농류산처리적치자충자발아솔위령，차충자겁역매변。수착생장소농도적증가，치자충자발아솔명현강저，충자출현발흑현상。재0.3~1.2 g/mL적매소범위내시，수착적매소농도적제고，치자발아솔축점승고，기중이1.2 g/mL적매소적발아솔최고。재20~30℃범위내，치자충자유교고적발아솔，이재20℃이하，발아솔겁저。재30℃최괄온도조건하，이려지적충자발아솔화발아세최고，기차위습사、사포、질석。【결론】치자과육화과피중균존재억제충자맹발적물질，시억제충자맹발적수요인소。치자과피、충자화과육중억제백채충자맹발적화학물질충류혹수량가능불동。농류산、생장소대치자충자발아구유억제작용，적매소칙구유촉진작용。치자충자적최괄발아조건위：용1.2 mg/mL적매소피광침포48 h후，재려지배양상상30℃항온피광배양。
[Objective]Gardenia seeds were processed by different treatments to investigate the causes of inhibiting seed germination and its inhibitor positions in order to seek out the best method for improving germination rate, which provided ref-erences for artificial cultivation. [Method]Gardenia fruits collected from two main producing areas of Zhangshu in Jiangxi and Bozhou in Anhui were used to investigate the effects of concentrated sulfuric acid soaking for 2-24 hours on water absorp-tion of gardenia seeds. The effects of methyl alcohol extracting solution(0.005-0.050 g/mL) of gardenia seeds, and pulp and peel on germination rate of cabbage seeds and seedling growth were studied. The germination rate of gardenia seeds was measured in different treatments of concentrated sulfuric acid, gibberellin(0-1.5 g/mL), auxin(0.1-5.0 g/mL), temperature(15.0-30.0℃) and germination substratum (vermiculite, gauze, filter paper, and wet sand). [Result]After the treatment of concentrated sulfuric acid, water absorption of gardenia seeds from different producing areas was generally improved. Mean water absorption of the saturated seeds was 34.31%higher than seeds without acid etching. Inhibiting effects of pulp methyl alcohol extracting solution on cabbage seeds were greater. With the increase of peel or seeds methyl alcohol extracting solution concentration, the germination vigor and rate of cabbage seeds showed slowly declining trend, and the same results was also observed in treat-ments of 0.005-0.015 g/mL pulp methyl alcohol extracting solution. When the pulp methyl alcohol extracting solution was over 0.015 g/mL, the germination vigor and rate of cabbage seeds sharply decreased. Higher methyl alcohol extracting solution con-centration of gardenia fruits made root and seedling shorter and growth weaker of cabbage. The pulp had the strongest inhibiting effects, followed by peel and seed. Moreover, the inhibiting effects of extracting solution on root was greater than seedling. Gardenia seeds treated by concentrated sulfuric acid could not germinate and were easy to mould. Higher auxin concentration could obviously reduce gardenia germination rate and seeds became black. In the range of 0.3-1.2 g/mL gibberellins, more gib-berellins meant higher gardenia germination rate, and the highest rate occurred in treatment of 1.2 g/mL gibberellins. In the range of 20-30℃, gardenia germination rate was relatively high, while it was exceedingly low under 20℃. At the optimum temperature of 30℃, the order of germination rate and vigor was filter paper, wet sand, gauze and vermiculite.[Conclusion]The substances inhibiting germination of seeds did exist in pulp and peel of gardenia fruits and they were primary inhibiting germination elements. Kind and number of chemical substances inhibiting seed germination in gardenia peel, seed and pulp may be different. Concentrated sulfuric acid and auxin inhibited gardenia germination, while gibberellins promoted gardenia germination. The optimum conditions for gardenia seed germination was as follows:seed soaked in 1.2 mg/mL gibberellins solu-tion for 48 h under dark condition, and then culturing on filter paper at 30°C in the dark.