CAJ | 학술논문

【目的】阐明叶喷水杨酸（SA）对山药地下块茎蔗糖-淀粉转化的影响，为了解山药蔗糖转化机制、提高其淀粉形成提供参考。【方法】设置SA 0.0（对照）、0.5、1.0和5.0 mmol/L 4个处理，在山药（Dioscorea alata L.）“白扁”地下块茎形成的早期和后期分别进行叶面喷施，定期采样测定地下块茎主要碳水化合物含量和蔗糖裂解与淀粉形成的相关酶活性。【结果】除5.0 mmol/L SA处理的后期地下块茎总可溶性糖（TSS）含量急剧增加外，地下块茎的TSS、蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖、淀粉、直链淀粉（AM）、支链淀粉（AP）和纤维素的含量在其他处理间的变化趋势相同。与对照相比，0.5 mmol/L与5.0 mmol/L SA处理对山药地下块茎的影响作用相反，前者不仅显著提高了蔗糖合成酶（SuSase）、酸性转化酶（SAInv）、细胞壁结合酸性转化酶（CWBAInv）、中性转化酶（NInv）等酶的活性，而且显著增加腺苷二磷酸焦磷酸化酶（AGPase）、可溶性淀粉合成酶（SSS）、颗粒结合淀粉合成酶（GBSS）、淀粉分支酶（SBE）等酶的活性，1.0 mmol/L仅在块茎发育中期对上述酶有微小的促进作用。所有SA处理中，虽然蔗糖含量与SuSase及淀粉合成相关酶的活性呈不显著正相关，但蔗糖与总可溶性糖含量的比率与这些酶活性及淀粉含量成显著正相关。葡萄糖、果糖含量及它们所占总可溶性糖的比率与上述酶的活性分别呈显著负相关，葡萄糖与果糖的比率与上述酶的活性无显著相关性，蔗糖与葡萄糖、果糖的比率均与AGPase、SSS、GBSS的活性呈显著正相关。【结论】叶面喷施SA在山药地下块茎发育过程中通过作用于蔗糖裂解和淀粉合成相关酶的活性来影响蔗糖的运输和流向，小于1.0 mmol/L的SA通过提高酶活性来促进蔗糖转运入山药地下块茎并转化成淀粉，而其他浓度SA具有相反的作用。【目的】闡明葉噴水楊痠（SA）對山藥地下塊莖蔗糖-澱粉轉化的影響，為瞭解山藥蔗糖轉化機製、提高其澱粉形成提供參攷。【方法】設置SA 0.0（對照）、0.5、1.0和5.0 mmol/L 4箇處理，在山藥（Dioscorea alata L.）“白扁”地下塊莖形成的早期和後期分彆進行葉麵噴施，定期採樣測定地下塊莖主要碳水化閤物含量和蔗糖裂解與澱粉形成的相關酶活性。【結果】除5.0 mmol/L SA處理的後期地下塊莖總可溶性糖（TSS）含量急劇增加外，地下塊莖的TSS、蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖、澱粉、直鏈澱粉（AM）、支鏈澱粉（AP）和纖維素的含量在其他處理間的變化趨勢相同。與對照相比，0.5 mmol/L與5.0 mmol/L SA處理對山藥地下塊莖的影響作用相反，前者不僅顯著提高瞭蔗糖閤成酶（SuSase）、痠性轉化酶（SAInv）、細胞壁結閤痠性轉化酶（CWBAInv）、中性轉化酶（NInv）等酶的活性，而且顯著增加腺苷二燐痠焦燐痠化酶（AGPase）、可溶性澱粉閤成酶（SSS）、顆粒結閤澱粉閤成酶（GBSS）、澱粉分支酶（SBE）等酶的活性，1.0 mmol/L僅在塊莖髮育中期對上述酶有微小的促進作用。所有SA處理中，雖然蔗糖含量與SuSase及澱粉閤成相關酶的活性呈不顯著正相關，但蔗糖與總可溶性糖含量的比率與這些酶活性及澱粉含量成顯著正相關。葡萄糖、果糖含量及它們所佔總可溶性糖的比率與上述酶的活性分彆呈顯著負相關，葡萄糖與果糖的比率與上述酶的活性無顯著相關性，蔗糖與葡萄糖、果糖的比率均與AGPase、SSS、GBSS的活性呈顯著正相關。【結論】葉麵噴施SA在山藥地下塊莖髮育過程中通過作用于蔗糖裂解和澱粉閤成相關酶的活性來影響蔗糖的運輸和流嚮，小于1.0 mmol/L的SA通過提高酶活性來促進蔗糖轉運入山藥地下塊莖併轉化成澱粉，而其他濃度SA具有相反的作用。
【목적】천명협분수양산（SA）대산약지하괴경자당-정분전화적영향，위료해산약자당전화궤제、제고기정분형성제공삼고。【방법】설치SA 0.0（대조）、0.5、1.0화5.0 mmol/L 4개처리，재산약（Dioscorea alata L.）“백편”지하괴경형성적조기화후기분별진행협면분시，정기채양측정지하괴경주요탄수화합물함량화자당렬해여정분형성적상관매활성。【결과】제5.0 mmol/L SA처리적후기지하괴경총가용성당（TSS）함량급극증가외，지하괴경적TSS、자당、포도당、과당、정분、직련정분（AM）、지련정분（AP）화섬유소적함량재기타처리간적변화추세상동。여대조상비，0.5 mmol/L여5.0 mmol/L SA처리대산약지하괴경적영향작용상반，전자불부현저제고료자당합성매（SuSase）、산성전화매（SAInv）、세포벽결합산성전화매（CWBAInv）、중성전화매（NInv）등매적활성，이차현저증가선감이린산초린산화매（AGPase）、가용성정분합성매（SSS）、과립결합정분합성매（GBSS）、정분분지매（SBE）등매적활성，1.0 mmol/L부재괴경발육중기대상술매유미소적촉진작용。소유SA처리중，수연자당함량여SuSase급정분합성상관매적활성정불현저정상관，단자당여총가용성당함량적비솔여저사매활성급정분함량성현저정상관。포도당、과당함량급타문소점총가용성당적비솔여상술매적활성분별정현저부상관，포도당여과당적비솔여상술매적활성무현저상관성，자당여포도당、과당적비솔균여AGPase、SSS、GBSS적활성정현저정상관。【결론】협면분시SA재산약지하괴경발육과정중통과작용우자당렬해화정분합성상관매적활성래영향자당적운수화류향，소우1.0 mmol/L적SA통과제고매활성래촉진자당전운입산약지하괴경병전화성정분，이기타농도SA구유상반적작용。
[Objective]Effects of leaf-sprayed salicylic acid ( SA ) on the conversion of sucrose to starch in yam underground tuber was elucidated in order to provide references on knowing the mechanism of sucrose transformation and enhancing starch formation of yam. [Method]Four treatments of SA with 0.0(i.e. the control), 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 mmol/L were respectively sprayed thoroughly on leaves of Dioscorea alata L. cv. Baibian both at early and later of tuber forma-tion stages. Underground tuber was periodically sampled to determine the contents of predominant carbohydrates and the activities of enzymes related to sucrose cleavage and starch biosynthesis . [Result]With the exception of the sharp in-creases of total soluble sugar (TSS) content at later stage for 5.0 mmol/L SA treatment, the contents of TSS, sucrose, glucose, fructose, starch, amylose (AM), amylopectin(AP), and cellulose among the other treatments had the same pro-files of general change during the sampled period. Compared with the control , 0.5 and 5.0 mmol/L SA presented op-posed effects on underground tuber development , the former not only significantly increased activities of sucrose synthase (SuSase), soluble acid invertase (SAInv), cell wall-bound acid invertase (CWBAInv), and neutral invertase(NInv), but also significantly enhanced activities of adenosine diphosphate pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), soluble starch synthase (SSS), grain-bound starch synthase (GBSS), and starch branching enzyme(SBE). But 1.0 mmol/L SA treatment had slight-ly positive effects on these measured enzymes only at middle stage. In all treatments , although sucrose content showed insignificantly positive correlations with activities of both SuSase and related starch-synthesized enzymes, the ratio of su-crose to total soluble sugar was significantly and positively correlated with activities of SuSase, SAInv, CWBAInv, NInv, AGPase, SSS, GBSS, SBE and starch content. The contents of glucose, fructose and their ratios in total soluble sugar sig-nificantly and negatively correlated to these measured enzyme activities, respectively. Glucose-fructose ratio had insignif-icant correlation with the aforementioned enzyme activities, but the ratios of sucrose-glucose and sucrose-fructose with activities of AGPase, SSS, and GBSS were significantly positive correlations. [Conclusion]Leaf-sprayed SA influenced both the transport and the fate of sucrose throughout yam underground tuber development through affecting the activities of enzymes related to both sucrose degradation and starch synthesis. SAs at 1.0 mmol/L or less promoted the transport of sucrose into tuber and the transition of sucrose to starch through increase of enzyme activities , and other contents of SAs had converse effects.