CAJ | 학술논문

目的：了解老年共病患者的患病数量、患病种类及不同年龄组老年共病患者所患疾病的分布特点，为加强老年共病管理及防治提供参考数据。方法对2008年至2013年住院的5505例老年共病患者进行数据收集，记录所患疾病及一般特征。按年龄分为3组，低龄组65～74岁，中龄组75～84岁，高龄组≥85岁。结果5505例老年共病患者，年龄65～104（80.70±6.41）岁，其中男性3772例，女性1733例。所患共病数量2～23种，其中患病数量在5～9种之间的患者人数为3125例，占56.76%。老年共病患者患病种类统计分析显示脑血管病占首位（58.31%），此后依次是高血压（52.97%）、感染性疾病（51.57%）、冠心病（41.11%）、糖尿病（30.55%）、心功能不全（28.45%）、肾脏病（23.67%）、骨关节病（21.91%）、肿瘤（17.31%）、胃肠道疾病（16.17%）。按各年龄组进行分析，不同年龄组患病种类有所不同，感染性疾病在≥85岁的老年共病患者中所占比例较＜85岁的显著性增高（78.89%vs 27.15%，P＜0.05）。结论老年共病患者患病数量多集中在5～9种，以脑血管病、高血压、感染性疾病、冠心病、糖尿病为高发疾病，不同年龄老年共病患者所患疾病有所不同，感染性疾病在高龄老年患者中增多。
목적：료해노년공병환자적환병수량、환병충류급불동년령조노년공병환자소환질병적분포특점，위가강노년공병관리급방치제공삼고수거。방법대2008년지2013년주원적5505례노년공병환자진행수거수집，기록소환질병급일반특정。안년령분위3조，저령조65～74세，중령조75～84세，고령조≥85세。결과5505례노년공병환자，년령65～104（80.70±6.41）세，기중남성3772례，녀성1733례。소환공병수량2～23충，기중환병수량재5～9충지간적환자인수위3125례，점56.76%。노년공병환자환병충류통계분석현시뇌혈관병점수위（58.31%），차후의차시고혈압（52.97%）、감염성질병（51.57%）、관심병（41.11%）、당뇨병（30.55%）、심공능불전（28.45%）、신장병（23.67%）、골관절병（21.91%）、종류（17.31%）、위장도질병（16.17%）。안각년령조진행분석，불동년령조환병충류유소불동，감염성질병재≥85세적노년공병환자중소점비례교＜85세적현저성증고（78.89%vs 27.15%，P＜0.05）。결론노년공병환자환병수량다집중재5～9충，이뇌혈관병、고혈압、감염성질병、관심병、당뇨병위고발질병，불동년령노년공병환자소환질병유소불동，감염성질병재고령노년환자중증다。
Objective To explore the distribution patterns of the elderly in-hospital patients in the number and type of multi-morbidity. Methods A total of 5 505 elderly hospitalized patients with multi-morbidity in our hospital from 2008 to 2013 were recruited and retrospectively analyzed. Their general condition and multi-morbidity were collected and analyzed. The patients were allocated into 3 groups according to their age:low old (65 to 74 years old), median old (75 to 84 years old) and high old (≥85 years old) aged groups. Results There were 3 772 males and 1733 females included, with age ranging from 65 to 104(80.7±6.4) years. The numbers of their diseases ranged from 2 to 23. The patients with 5 to 9 types of diseases accounted for 56.76%(3125/5505). The most common type of multi-morbidity was cerebrovascular disease (58.31%), followed by hypertension (52.97%), infective disease (51.57%), coronary heart disease (41.11%), diabetes (30.55%), heart failure (28.45%), renal disease (23.67%), bone and joint disease (21.91%), tumor (17.31%) and gastrointestinal disease (16.17%) in order. While for different age groups, infective disease was more common in ≥85 years patients than in<85years patients (78.89%vs 27.15%, P<0.05). Conclusion Most elderly patients with multi-morbidity have 5 to 9 types of diseass. Cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, infective disease, coronary heart disease, and diabetes are the most common diseases in this cohort. Their multi-morbidity has age diversity. Infective disease is more common in patients over 85 years.