中国农村水利水电
中國農村水利水電
중국농촌수이수전
CHINA RURAL WATER AND HYDROPOWER
2014年
9期
16-22
,共7页
地温%微咸水%膜下滴灌%棉花
地溫%微鹹水%膜下滴灌%棉花
지온%미함수%막하적관%면화
soil temperature%brackish water%mulched drip irrigation%cotton
为了探讨膜下滴灌棉田地温的时空变化规律，通过在新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州水利管理处国家重点灌溉试验站开展微咸水和淡水膜下滴灌棉花大田试验，定时监测膜下滴灌棉田棉花不同生育期、不同空间位置处的温度。研究结果表明，表层土壤温度变幅大，深层土壤温度变幅小；苗期宽行地温＞窄行＞膜间，蕾期宽行地温＞膜间＞窄行，花铃期膜间地温＞宽行＞窄行；不同生育期对地温起主导作用的影响因子不同，苗期地温的主要影响因子为覆膜，蕾、花铃期的主要影响因素为植株覆盖及土壤含水量，吐絮期的主要影响因子为植株覆盖；微咸水膜下滴灌条件下，相同深度不同位置（宽行、窄行、膜间）以及相同位置不同深度处地温变幅均较淡水处理显著，且同一深度同一位置处地温表现为微咸水膜下滴灌处理明显高于淡水处理。
為瞭探討膜下滴灌棉田地溫的時空變化規律，通過在新疆巴音郭楞矇古自治州水利管理處國傢重點灌溉試驗站開展微鹹水和淡水膜下滴灌棉花大田試驗，定時鑑測膜下滴灌棉田棉花不同生育期、不同空間位置處的溫度。研究結果錶明，錶層土壤溫度變幅大，深層土壤溫度變幅小；苗期寬行地溫＞窄行＞膜間，蕾期寬行地溫＞膜間＞窄行，花鈴期膜間地溫＞寬行＞窄行；不同生育期對地溫起主導作用的影響因子不同，苗期地溫的主要影響因子為覆膜，蕾、花鈴期的主要影響因素為植株覆蓋及土壤含水量，吐絮期的主要影響因子為植株覆蓋；微鹹水膜下滴灌條件下，相同深度不同位置（寬行、窄行、膜間）以及相同位置不同深度處地溫變幅均較淡水處理顯著，且同一深度同一位置處地溫錶現為微鹹水膜下滴灌處理明顯高于淡水處理。
위료탐토막하적관면전지온적시공변화규률，통과재신강파음곽릉몽고자치주수리관리처국가중점관개시험참개전미함수화담수막하적관면화대전시험，정시감측막하적관면전면화불동생육기、불동공간위치처적온도。연구결과표명，표층토양온도변폭대，심층토양온도변폭소；묘기관행지온＞착행＞막간，뢰기관행지온＞막간＞착행，화령기막간지온＞관행＞착행；불동생육기대지온기주도작용적영향인자불동，묘기지온적주요영향인자위복막，뢰、화령기적주요영향인소위식주복개급토양함수량，토서기적주요영향인자위식주복개；미함수막하적관조건하，상동심도불동위치（관행、착행、막간）이급상동위치불동심도처지온변폭균교담수처리현저，차동일심도동일위치처지온표현위미함수막하적관처리명현고우담수처리。
To study the temporal and spatial distribution features of soil temperature in cotton fields under mulched drip irrigation con-ditions ,the cotton field experiment of mulched drip irrigation with fresh water and brackish water are carried out and the soil temper-atures of different spatial location in different grow th periods of cotton are monitored at key irrigation experiment stations of water resources management division in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture ,Xinjiang in 2012 .The results show that the shallow soil temperature range is greater than the deep soil .The soil temperature of wide-row exceeds the narrow-row and the soil tempera-ture of the inter-film location is the lowest in the seedling stage ,the soil temperature of wide-row exceeds the inter-film location and the soil temperature of the narrow-row is the lowest in the bud stage ,the soil temperature of the inter-film location exceeds the wide-row and the soil temperature of the narrow-row is the lowest in the blooming stage .The main impact factors of the soil temperature are different at different growth phases of cotton .The main impact factors of the soil temperature are film mulching conditions at the seedling stage ,crop coverage and soil moisture at the bud and flowering stage ,and crop coverage at the boll opening stage .Under the condition of mulched drip irrigation with brackish water ,the soil temperature range of the same depth of different positions (wide-row ,narrow-row and inter-film location) and the same position of different depths is greater than the fresh water irrigation treat-ment .Moreover ,average soil temperature of mulched drip irrigation with brackish water is higher than the fresh water treatment at the same location and depth .This paper provides a theoretical basis for studying cotton's water consumption law and the yield-in-crease mechanism of mulched drip irrigation ,and provides technical support for the practical production .
