CAJ | 학술논문

由于人工观测与自动观测在仪器原理及观测方法上均有很大的不同，如何对2种观测结果进行检验具有重要的现实意义。本文从检验原理及检验方法上进行了论述，并随机选取黑龙江省8个观测站2005年1～12月每日02、08、14、20时的平行观测资料，对所有观测要素的人工站和自动站观测结果进行检验。结果表明：人工观测结果和自动观测结果所有要素无显著差异率接近96％，均一化水平较高。总体来看，黑龙江省人工站和自动站观测结果在冬、夏季均一性较差，要素间的差异较明显；春、秋季均一性较好，差异性较小。其中差异性要素冬季集中在相对湿度、浅层地温，夏季集中在地温、风速。此外，造成二者差异的原因主要体现在高纬度环境对观测仪器的影响、观测仪器与方法、人工观测误差与人工维护、观测时间等方面。如要进一步完善自动站观测结果，需要针对本省气候特点和影响差异性的原因做出调整和修订。
유우인공관측여자동관측재의기원리급관측방법상균유흔대적불동，여하대2충관측결과진행검험구유중요적현실의의。본문종검험원리급검험방법상진행료논술，병수궤선취흑룡강성8개관측참2005년1～12월매일02、08、14、20시적평행관측자료，대소유관측요소적인공참화자동참관측결과진행검험。결과표명：인공관측결과화자동관측결과소유요소무현저차이솔접근96％，균일화수평교고。총체래간，흑룡강성인공참화자동참관측결과재동、하계균일성교차，요소간적차이교명현；춘、추계균일성교호，차이성교소。기중차이성요소동계집중재상대습도、천층지온，하계집중재지온、풍속。차외，조성이자차이적원인주요체현재고위도배경대관측의기적영향、관측의기여방법、인공관측오차여인공유호、관측시간등방면。여요진일보완선자동참관측결과，수요침대본성기후특점화영향차이성적원인주출조정화수정。
By 2006,the 1 904 automatic weather stations have been running in our country. Within the next few years,all artificial ob-servation stations will be replaced by the automatic weather stations. How to test the observation data between automatic weather sta-tions and conventional stations has important practical significance because of the obvious difference between them in the principles of instruments and the observational methods. Based on hourly parallel data of random 8 stations in Heilongjiang Province at 02:00,08:00,14:00 and 20:00 from January to December 2005,the homogeneity tests of meteorological elements including pressure,tempera-ture,vapor pressure,relative humidity,cloud cover,visibility,precipitation,evaporation,snow,wind speed,shallow geotempera-ture,deep geotemperature and frozen depth from the artificial and automatic observation stations were done. Results show that the non-significance difference of all elements between the artificial observation and automatic observation was closely to 96%,which indica-ted better homogeneity of them. On the whole,the elements of the artificial and automatic stations in Heilongjiang Province had a poor uniformity in winter and summer,the difference was obvious,while they were better in spring and autumn,among which the elements with significant difference mainly focused on relative humidity and shallow ground temperature in winter and the ground temperature and wind speed,ground temperature in summer. In addition,the artificial and automatic observation elements at Mishan and Huachuan sta-tions appeared a good uniformity,on the contrary,while they were worst at Mudanjiang station. The cause of the difference mainly re-flected in the influence of high latitude environment on observation instruments,measurement instruments and measuring methods,arti-ficial observation error and artificial maintenance and observation time,etc. To further perfect the automatic observation data,you might need to adjust and revise them according to the local climate and the causes of difference.