光谱学与光谱分析
光譜學與光譜分析
광보학여광보분석
SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS
2014年
5期
1416-1420
,共5页
王正阳%曹建劲%罗松英%廖宜鹏
王正暘%曹建勁%囉鬆英%廖宜鵬
왕정양%조건경%라송영%료의붕
汶川地震%断层泥%X射线衍射%红外光谱%粘土矿物
汶川地震%斷層泥%X射線衍射%紅外光譜%粘土礦物
문천지진%단층니%X사선연사%홍외광보%점토광물
Wenchuan earthquake%Fault gouge%X-ray diffraction%Infrared absorption spectra%Clay mineral
汶川地震在北川县擂鼓镇和赵家沟村一带产生了一系列的同震地表破裂带,采集破裂带内的同震断层泥,同时采集了平武县南坝镇断裂带中的老断层泥。采用X射线衍射和红外吸收光谱对新老断层泥样品进行测试,综合分析其矿物成分、粘土矿物含量及组合等特征。分析结果显示新老断层泥的矿物成分存在较为明显的差异,老断层泥主要由围岩的碎屑或碎粉组成,而新鲜断层泥的主要成分则为粘土矿物。其中新鲜断层泥中的粘土矿物成分主要为伊利石、蒙脱石和伊蒙混层,这一粘土矿物组合表明断层活动的演化环境主要为温暖湿润的环境,粘土矿物所受构造应力变质作用主要表现为低温低压的浅变质作用,这也一定程度上指示了该区域断层最新的活动方式可能是蠕移。前人对汶川地震带断层泥的研究主要集中在其力学性质和结构以及构造方面,而本文的研究则主要通过断层泥中矿物成分和粘土矿物含量的特征来判定断层活动的物理化学环境,这对于断层环境演化和地震的活动机制研究具有重要的科学意义。
汶川地震在北川縣擂鼓鎮和趙傢溝村一帶產生瞭一繫列的同震地錶破裂帶,採集破裂帶內的同震斷層泥,同時採集瞭平武縣南壩鎮斷裂帶中的老斷層泥。採用X射線衍射和紅外吸收光譜對新老斷層泥樣品進行測試,綜閤分析其礦物成分、粘土礦物含量及組閤等特徵。分析結果顯示新老斷層泥的礦物成分存在較為明顯的差異,老斷層泥主要由圍巖的碎屑或碎粉組成,而新鮮斷層泥的主要成分則為粘土礦物。其中新鮮斷層泥中的粘土礦物成分主要為伊利石、矇脫石和伊矇混層,這一粘土礦物組閤錶明斷層活動的縯化環境主要為溫暖濕潤的環境,粘土礦物所受構造應力變質作用主要錶現為低溫低壓的淺變質作用,這也一定程度上指示瞭該區域斷層最新的活動方式可能是蠕移。前人對汶川地震帶斷層泥的研究主要集中在其力學性質和結構以及構造方麵,而本文的研究則主要通過斷層泥中礦物成分和粘土礦物含量的特徵來判定斷層活動的物理化學環境,這對于斷層環境縯化和地震的活動機製研究具有重要的科學意義。
문천지진재북천현뢰고진화조가구촌일대산생료일계렬적동진지표파렬대,채집파렬대내적동진단층니,동시채집료평무현남패진단렬대중적로단층니。채용X사선연사화홍외흡수광보대신로단층니양품진행측시,종합분석기광물성분、점토광물함량급조합등특정。분석결과현시신로단층니적광물성분존재교위명현적차이,로단층니주요유위암적쇄설혹쇄분조성,이신선단층니적주요성분칙위점토광물。기중신선단층니중적점토광물성분주요위이리석、몽탈석화이몽혼층,저일점토광물조합표명단층활동적연화배경주요위온난습윤적배경,점토광물소수구조응력변질작용주요표현위저온저압적천변질작용,저야일정정도상지시료해구역단층최신적활동방식가능시연이。전인대문천지진대단층니적연구주요집중재기역학성질화결구이급구조방면,이본문적연구칙주요통과단층니중광물성분화점토광물함량적특정래판정단층활동적물이화학배경,저대우단층배경연화화지진적활동궤제연구구유중요적과학의의。
Wenchuan earthquake produced a series of co-seismic surface ruptures in Leigu and Zhaojiagou ,and we collected sam-ples of co-seismic fault gouge in the surface ruptures as well as the old gouge in the fault of Nanba .Testing The new and old fault gouge was tested with X-ray diffraction and infrared absorption spectra ,and its characteristics such as mineral composi-tions ,clay mineral contents and combinations were comprehensively analyzed .The results display obvious differences between the new and old fault gouge ,showing that the old fault gouge is mainly composed of wall rock debris or milled powders ,while the main components of new fault gouge are clay minerals .The assemblage of clay minerals composition shows that the environ-ment of the fault activity was mainly warm and humid ,and the clay minerals were mainly transformed by low temperature and low pressure dynamic metamorphism .And this also partly indicates that the latest way of the fault activity in this area may be a creeping .However the previous researches on the fault gouge of Wenchuan earthquake fault zone are mainly focused on its me-chanical properties as well as its texture and structure ,the research in this paper is to determine the physical and chemical envi-ronment of fault activity through the mineral compositions and clay mineral contents in the fault gouge characteristics ,and this research has important scientific significance to the researches on the evolution of the fault environment and the activity mecha-nism of the earthquake .