CAJ | 학술논문

选择厦门经济特区成立后的2个关键时段为监测期，利用1989～2010年的时间序列遥感影像，建立了3个时间节点的厦门湾湿地与非湿地景观类型数据库．基于景观生态学与地统计学理论与方法构建人为干扰度及其动态模型，评价了过去22 a间滨海湿地人为干扰影响及其动态变化，并分析了景观格局的响应过程．结果表明：厦门湾滨海湿地退化程度不断加剧．自然湿地的面积从1989年的275.82 km2降至2010年的238.60 km2；非湿地从1989年的590.61 km2上升至2010年的637.09 km2．在城市化不同阶段，滨海湿地经历着从以向人工湿地转化为主，过渡到以向非湿地转化为主的过程．干扰度及其动态模型能较好地表征城市空间拓展模式与人为干扰影响的空间响应关系．人为干扰影响正逐渐扩大其规模和强度，并且呈现出由陆地向海洋扩展的趋势．在第一时段，环西海域海岸线成为厦门城市化空间发展的重要方向，滨海湿地资源空间成为城市化扩展、海水养殖业占用的重要目标．在第二时段，人为干扰度变化的高值区已经沿着海岸线向东部转移，形成了新的干扰带；中高值区在整个区域蔓延，滨海湿地资源空间被进一步挤压．干扰度动态变化高值区是滨海湿地退化最显著的区域，也是未来进行湿地保护与生态修复的重点区域．边缘密度、斑块密度与分离度综合起来能较好地反映出景观格局信息与人为干扰之间响应关系．研究区景观格局趋于复杂化，景观异质性程度升高，景观破碎度增大．非湿地景观类型逐渐居于主导地位，滨海湿地的优势景观控制力下降．人为干扰已成为厦门湾滨海湿地景观格局演变的主要驱动力．
선택하문경제특구성립후적2개관건시단위감측기，이용1989～2010년적시간서렬요감영상，건립료3개시간절점적하문만습지여비습지경관류형수거고．기우경관생태학여지통계학이론여방법구건인위간우도급기동태모형，평개료과거22 a간빈해습지인위간우영향급기동태변화，병분석료경관격국적향응과정．결과표명：하문만빈해습지퇴화정도불단가극．자연습지적면적종1989년적275.82 km2강지2010년적238.60 km2；비습지종1989년적590.61 km2상승지2010년적637.09 km2．재성시화불동계단，빈해습지경력착종이향인공습지전화위주，과도도이향비습지전화위주적과정．간우도급기동태모형능교호지표정성시공간탁전모식여인위간우영향적공간향응관계．인위간우영향정축점확대기규모화강도，병차정현출유륙지향해양확전적추세．재제일시단，배서해역해안선성위하문성시화공간발전적중요방향，빈해습지자원공간성위성시화확전、해수양식업점용적중요목표．재제이시단，인위간우도변화적고치구이경연착해안선향동부전이，형성료신적간우대；중고치구재정개구역만연，빈해습지자원공간피진일보제압．간우도동태변화고치구시빈해습지퇴화최현저적구역，야시미래진행습지보호여생태수복적중점구역．변연밀도、반괴밀도여분리도종합기래능교호지반영출경관격국신식여인위간우지간향응관계．연구구경관격국추우복잡화，경관이질성정도승고，경관파쇄도증대．비습지경관류형축점거우주도지위，빈해습지적우세경관공제력하강．인위간우이성위하문만빈해습지경관격국연변적주요구동력．
Selecting two key periods after the establishment of Xiamen Special Economic Zone as monitoring periods based on the remote sensing images from 1989 to 2010,we established a database containing wetland and non-wet-land landscapes in Xiamen Bay in 3 periods.With approaches of landscape ecology and geostatistics,human dis-turbance was analyzed and its dynamic model was set up to assess the influence of human disturbance on the coastal wetland and its dynamic changes in the past 22 years.Besides,the response process of landscape pattern was ana-lyzed.The results presented that the coastal wetland of Xiamen Bay was continuously degenerating.The area of the natural wetland decreased from 275.82 km2 in 1989 to 238.60 km2 in 2010.The area of non-wetland rose from 590.61 km2 in 1989 to 637.09 km2 in 2010.In the different stages of urbanization,the coastal wetland had experi-enced transitions mainly from the process of constructed wetlands to the non-wetland.The degree of disturbance and its dynamic model efficiently characterized the spatial responding relations between urban spatial expansion and hu-man disturbance.The influence of human disturbance was expanding in scale and intensity,and showed a tendency extending from the land to the sea.In the first period,the west coastline had been an important area of Xiamen ur-ban spatial development,and the wetland resource was the important goals occupied by urbanization and sea farm-ing.In the second period,the high value area of human disturbing variation had shifted from the west to the east of Xiamen Bay along the coastline formed a new disturbance zone.The mid-high value area of human disturbing varia-tion had spread to the whole area studied.The coastal wetland resource space had been further squeezed.The high value area of dynamic change of disturbance degree showed the most significant degeneration of coastal wetland, where it could be the key area of wetland protection and ecological restoration in the future.The integration of edge density,plaque density and the degree of separation can efficiently reflect the responding relationship between land-scape pattern information and human disturbance.The landscape pattern in the area studied tended to be complex, showing increasing degree of landscape heterogeneity and landscape fragmentation.Non-wetland landscape gradually dominated and the dominant landscape control of coastal wetland was weakened.Human disturbance has become the main driver in evolution of landscape pattern for the wetlands in coastal Xiamen Bay.