CAJ | 학술논문

【目的】蛀木团水虱是近年来危害中国红树林的一个新情况，已导致海南和广西部分红树林的死亡。为了防控团水虱，本文总结团水虱对中国红树林的危害情况，分析团水虱爆发的可能原因，提出一些管理策略。【方法】在海南和广西三处红树林团水虱危害地实地调查资料及生石灰消杀与鱼类捕食控制实验的基础上进行分析。【结果】调查表明，2010至2013年海南东寨港受团水虱攻击而死亡的红树林面积的平均连年增长率为66·4％。危害中国红树林的蛀木等足类生物主要为有孔团水虱和光背团水虱，前者是危害海南东寨港红树林的关键物种。受害的红树林都分布于人为干扰强烈且有机污染严重的海区。生长在污染物扩散通道潮沟边缘或污染物沉积区中的林子是团水虱的集中攻击对象。处于地带性演替后期、相对高大的成熟林易遭受团水虱危害。团水虱对红树植物的选择性攻击序列为：海莲、木榄＞尖瓣海莲、角果木＞白骨壤、秋茄＞桐花树。由于潮差不同，中国大陆沿海红树林可受团水虱攻击的地上部高度为海南岛的2倍以上。在实验室中，1∶1配比的石灰水90min 就可达到50％的团水虱消杀效果。中华乌塘鳢单位时间的吞食量较稳定，24h 内平均可捕食42只团水虱。【结论】推测在海区环境退化的背景下放养家鸭，虾塘排放有机物和消毒剂，人为捕获经济动物很可能是团水虱爆发的触发因子，建议将红树林团水虱危害纳入相关的海洋生态环境监测与评价体系，建立以化学手段为应急，物理措施为辅助，生态保育为长效的红树林团水虱防控机制。
【목적】주목단수슬시근년래위해중국홍수림적일개신정황，이도치해남화엄서부분홍수림적사망。위료방공단수슬，본문총결단수슬대중국홍수림적위해정황，분석단수슬폭발적가능원인，제출일사관리책략。【방법】재해남화엄서삼처홍수림단수슬위해지실지조사자료급생석회소살여어류포식공제실험적기출상진행분석。【결과】조사표명，2010지2013년해남동채항수단수슬공격이사망적홍수림면적적평균련년증장솔위66·4％。위해중국홍수림적주목등족류생물주요위유공단수슬화광배단수슬，전자시위해해남동채항홍수림적관건물충。수해적홍수림도분포우인위간우강렬차유궤오염엄중적해구。생장재오염물확산통도조구변연혹오염물침적구중적림자시단수슬적집중공격대상。처우지대성연체후기、상대고대적성숙림역조수단수슬위해。단수슬대홍수식물적선택성공격서렬위：해련、목람＞첨판해련、각과목＞백골양、추가＞동화수。유우조차불동，중국대륙연해홍수림가수단수슬공격적지상부고도위해남도적2배이상。재실험실중，1∶1배비적석회수90min 취가체도50％적단수슬소살효과。중화오당례단위시간적탄식량교은정，24h 내평균가포식42지단수슬。【결론】추측재해구배경퇴화적배경하방양가압，하당배방유궤물화소독제，인위포획경제동물흔가능시단수슬폭발적촉발인자，건의장홍수림단수슬위해납입상관적해양생태배경감측여평개체계，건립이화학수단위응급，물리조시위보조，생태보육위장효적홍수림단수슬방공궤제。
[Objective]Damages to mangroves due to the presence of wood-boring isopod of Sphaeroma are newly found in China.Aiming to control the isopod disaster,this paper evalu-ates the status of isopod damages to China mangroves,analyzes the possible causes and puts forward some management tactics,and some scientific issues about massive occurrence of Sphaeroma in China are discussed.[Methods]Analyses were made on the information from field surveys conducted at three damaged mangrove sites in Hainan and Guangxi province,and the tests of isopod controls by calcium oxide killing and fish feeding.[Results]Field surveys re-vealed that areas of destructive mangroves in Dongzhaigang,Hainan increased at a mean contin-uous rate of 66.4% annually mangroves from 2010 to 2013.The major mangrove wood-boring isopods in China are Sphaeroma terebrans and Sphaeroma retrolaeve ,of which the former is the key species found in Dongzhaigang.All of the mangroves damaged by borers distribute in the sea regions suffering serious anthropogenic disturbance and contamination.The attack of borers focuses on the forests growing across the creeks delivering pollutants and at the habitats depositing pollutants.Mature mangrove forests, being high relatively and in late successional stage of zonality,are vulnerable to the damage. Mangrove species preferred by the borers can be ranked in an order: Bruguiera sexangula , Bruguiera gymnorrhiza > B.s.var .rhynchopetala ,Ceriops tagal > Avicennia marina , Kandelia obovata > Aegiceras corniculatum .Attributing to different tide amplitude,the height of above ground part of mangroves which the borers are able to attack is more than two times along China mainland coast than in Hainan Island.Laboratory test showed that 50% iso-pod individuals can be killed by calcium oxide at the weight concentration of 1 ∶ 1 to water through 90 minutes treatment.The feeding rate of fish,Bostrichthys sinensi ,on isopod is rela-tively stable at unit time,and 42 isopod individuals as a mean can be consumed by a fish in 24hours.[Conclusion]It is presumed that under the background of environmental degradation, duck patrol,drain of organic matter and disinfectors from shrimp pond and human collecting goods are likely to be the trigger of borer's boom.It is suggested that isopod should be an indi-cator included in marine monitoring and assessment system,and a mechanism be established to control isopod promptly by using chemical methods,additionally by physical methods,and per-manently by ecological conservation.