CAJ | 학술논문

为培育三疣梭子蟹Portunus trituberculatus新品系,选择差异较大的两代自交家系进行家系内自繁和家系间杂交的试验,建立了三疣梭子蟹近交系和杂交系,并比较了其繁殖性能和子一代早期生长与存活的情况。三疣梭子蟹A家系为自交F6, B家系为自交F3,均为基因纯化程度不同的两个家系,试验设计自交组F66( A意×A裔)、 F33( B意×B裔)和杂交组F63( A意×B裔)、 F36( B意×A裔)4个试验组。繁殖试验结果表明,两个自交组亲蟹的抱卵量、排幼量和单位体质量抱卵量均比两个杂交组大,且均显著高于F63组(P<0.05),而自交组的单位体质量排幼量和孵化率也均比杂交组大,但无显著性差异(P>0.05),表明在繁殖性能上,杂交组并未表现出杂种优势。幼蟹的早期生长和存活试验结果表明,杂交使域期幼蟹至吁期幼蟹的生长和存活两个表型性状都得到了改良,杂交组( F63和F36)在早期生长阶段相对于自交组( F66和F33),体质量的总体杂种优势率为14.38%~25.05%,全甲宽的总体杂种优势率为5.57%~10.27%,体质量和全甲宽的增长速度各组均为F63>F66>F36>F33,其中F36组相对于F33组各表型性状的杂种优势均明显大于F63组相对于F66组的杂种优势；杂交组存活的总体杂种优势率为22.49%~36.67%,其中F63组相对于F66组存活的杂种优势明显大于F36相对于F33组的杂种优势。研究表明,三疣梭子蟹杂交组在繁殖性能方面虽未表现出杂种优势,但在早期生长和存活方面表现出了显著的杂种优势,这可为进一步开展三疣梭子蟹选育工作提供参考±据。
위배육삼우사자해Portunus trituberculatus신품계,선택차이교대적량대자교가계진행가계내자번화가계간잡교적시험,건립료삼우사자해근교계화잡교계,병비교료기번식성능화자일대조기생장여존활적정황。삼우사자해A가계위자교F6, B가계위자교F3,균위기인순화정도불동적량개가계,시험설계자교조F66( A의×A예)、 F33( B의×B예)화잡교조F63( A의×B예)、 F36( B의×A예)4개시험조。번식시험결과표명,량개자교조친해적포란량、배유량화단위체질량포란량균비량개잡교조대,차균현저고우F63조(P<0.05),이자교조적단위체질량배유량화부화솔야균비잡교조대,단무현저성차이(P>0.05),표명재번식성능상,잡교조병미표현출잡충우세。유해적조기생장화존활시험결과표명,잡교사역기유해지우기유해적생장화존활량개표형성상도득도료개량,잡교조( F63화F36)재조기생장계단상대우자교조( F66화F33),체질량적총체잡충우세솔위14.38%~25.05%,전갑관적총체잡충우세솔위5.57%~10.27%,체질량화전갑관적증장속도각조균위F63>F66>F36>F33,기중F36조상대우F33조각표형성상적잡충우세균명현대우F63조상대우F66조적잡충우세；잡교조존활적총체잡충우세솔위22.49%~36.67%,기중F63조상대우F66조존활적잡충우세명현대우F36상대우F33조적잡충우세。연구표명,삼우사자해잡교조재번식성능방면수미표현출잡충우세,단재조기생장화존활방면표현출료현저적잡충우세,저가위진일보개전삼우사자해선육공작제공삼고±거。
The growth and survival at early stage between inbred lines and hybrid systems were compared between full-sib inbreeding families and hybridization of two full-sib inbreeding in two families, A pedigree ( F6 ) and B ( F3 ) , of swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus with different genetic purification in order to breed new families. There were four test groups, including two inbreeding groups F66( A♀×A♂) and F33( B♀×B♂) and two hybrid groups F63( A♀×B♂ ) ,and F36( B♀×A♂) . In terms of reproductive performance, there were significantly higher fecundity, relative egg carrying production and relative larvae releasing production in the inbreeding groups than those in the hybrid groups, especially the fecundity (P<0. 05). Within the inbreeding groups, however, there was higher relative egg carrying production and relative larvae releasing production, without significant difference, indi-cating that the hybrid group showed no advantage in reproductive performance. The growth and survival of juveniles from stage II to stage V revealed that the hybrid groups F63 and F36 had general heterosis of 14. 38%-25. 05% in body weight, and 5. 57%-10. 27% in full carapace width, higher than the inbreeding groups of F66 and F33 . The overall growth rate was ranged as the following:F63>F66>F36>F33 . There was higher heterosis in F36 group than F66 and F63 group than F66 group. The overall survival heterosis of 22. 49%-36. 67% was found in the hybrid groups, higher in F63 group than in F66 group, and higher in F36 group than in F66 group. The findings indicated that the hy-brid groups did not show the heterosis in reproductive performance, instead in growth and survival at the early growth stage, which provides foundation for further breeding of swimming crab.