CAJ | 학술논문

目的：评价2007-2012年贵州省伤寒/副伤寒防控效果。方法收集贵州省2007-2012年伤寒/副伤寒疫情数据、病例卡片信息、防控措施及管理文件等资料，比较2007-2009年与2010-2012年伤寒/副伤寒平均发病率、暴发疫情变化、病例发病到确诊的时间间隔变化、病例上报机构变化、实验室诊断病例比例变化和疫情报告管理变化情况，利用Excel和EpiInfo软件进行描述和χ2检验统计分析。结果2007-2009年贵州省共报告伤寒/副伤寒5978例，平均发病率为5.29/10万；2010-2012年共报告伤寒/副伤寒2765例，平均发病率为2.57/10万，平均发病率比2007-2009年下降51.31%。各市（州）均有不同程度下降，局部存在暴发和流行，暴发起数减少87.50%。报告病例发病到确诊时间间隔变化的差异无统计学意义（χ2＝0.08，P＝0.99），县级及以上医疗机构报告病例增加11.51%，乡镇级及以下医疗机构报告病例减少61.47%，实验室诊断病例比例增加23.63%，填卡及时率增加8.44%，卡片录入及时率增加6.76%，县区审核及时率增加2.40%。结论贵州省伤寒/副伤寒防控成效显著，但依然存在局部暴发或流行的风险，健康教育和实验室监测等工作亟待加强。
목적：평개2007-2012년귀주성상한/부상한방공효과。방법수집귀주성2007-2012년상한/부상한역정수거、병례잡편신식、방공조시급관리문건등자료，비교2007-2009년여2010-2012년상한/부상한평균발병솔、폭발역정변화、병례발병도학진적시간간격변화、병례상보궤구변화、실험실진단병례비례변화화역정보고관리변화정황，이용Excel화EpiInfo연건진행묘술화χ2검험통계분석。결과2007-2009년귀주성공보고상한/부상한5978례，평균발병솔위5.29/10만；2010-2012년공보고상한/부상한2765례，평균발병솔위2.57/10만，평균발병솔비2007-2009년하강51.31%。각시（주）균유불동정도하강，국부존재폭발화류행，폭발기수감소87.50%。보고병례발병도학진시간간격변화적차이무통계학의의（χ2＝0.08，P＝0.99），현급급이상의료궤구보고병례증가11.51%，향진급급이하의료궤구보고병례감소61.47%，실험실진단병례비례증가23.63%，전잡급시솔증가8.44%，잡편록입급시솔증가6.76%，현구심핵급시솔증가2.40%。결론귀주성상한/부상한방공성효현저，단의연존재국부폭발혹류행적풍험，건강교육화실험실감측등공작극대가강。
Objective This study was to evaluate the effects of prevention and control regarding programs on typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever,in Guizhou province,from 2007 to 2012, to provide evidence for the improvement of related programs. Methods Data on typhoid fever and paratyphoid including information on epidemics,individual,cases,measures for prevention and control programs taken and relative government documents were collected and analyzed in Guizhou province,from 2007 to 2012. Information related to the average annual incidence,nature of outbreaks, time span before confirmed diagnosis was made,unit which carried the case report,proportion of laboratory confirmed diagnosed cases and case-management were compared between 2007-2009 and 2010-2012 descriptively while chi-square test with Excelland EpiInfo software were used for data analysis. Results In the period of 2007-2009,a total of 5 978 typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever cases were reported in Guizhou province with the average yearly incidence as 5.29/100 000. In the period of 2010-2012,2 765 cases were reported with the average yearly incidence as 2.57/100 000. When compared to the former,data from the latter period showed that the average yearly incidence had declined 51.31% in all the prefectures. There were still some outbreaks appeared but the total number of cases involved reduced 87.50%. The time span before the confirmation of diagnosis became shorter but the difference was not statistically significant (χ 2=0.08,P=0.99). Number of cases reported by hospitals at county or above had 11.51% of increase while those cases reported at the township hospitals or below decreased for 61.47%. The proportion of laboratory diagnosed cases increased 23.63%. Rates of timeliness on cards being filled in,inputted and audited showed increase of 8.44%,6.76%and 2.40%respectively. Conclusion Successful measures for prevention and control on typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever had been remarkably taken in Guizhou province,but the potential risk of outbreaks still existed in some areas,suggesting that health education and surveillance programs including laboratory diagnosis,should be strengthened.