CAJ | 학술논문

[目的]探讨长期不同施肥条件对山东三大土类小麦产量的影响效果与土壤养分的演变规律。[方法]利用济南连续30年的长期定位试验，设定 CK、NP、NK、PK和 NPK 5个处理，对1984、1987、1988、1989、1990、2001、2005、2006、2007和2010年等多年的土壤养分和作物产量数据进行系统总结。[结果]三大类土壤的小麦产量均在起初几年内明显下降以及在2006年出现明显下降。施磷处理的小麦产量明显高于不施磷处理，说明磷素的供应是保证小麦高产的首要营养因子。各处理产量最高的是褐土，其次是棕壤，而产量较低的是潮土。在相同施肥条件下，棕壤小麦产量受其它因素影响最小，而褐土则易受外界条件的影响，导致年际间小麦产量起伏较大。三大类土壤的碱解氮含量的变化趋势是先降低，后升高随之再降低，自2007年出现明显回升的变化。随着年份的推迟，不施磷处理的有效磷含量呈递减的趋势，而施磷处理则是先升高后下降，而后保持相对稳定的含量。不施钾处理的速效钾含量呈缓慢下降的趋势，施钾处理中 PK和NK处理的速效钾含量一般要高过氮磷钾处理。[结论]合理供应磷肥和氮肥，再补足钾肥，是有效提高小麦产量的施肥措施。
[목적]탐토장기불동시비조건대산동삼대토류소맥산량적영향효과여토양양분적연변규률。[방법]이용제남련속30년적장기정위시험，설정 CK、NP、NK、PK화 NPK 5개처리，대1984、1987、1988、1989、1990、2001、2005、2006、2007화2010년등다년적토양양분화작물산량수거진행계통총결。[결과]삼대류토양적소맥산량균재기초궤년내명현하강이급재2006년출현명현하강。시린처리적소맥산량명현고우불시린처리，설명린소적공응시보증소맥고산적수요영양인자。각처리산량최고적시갈토，기차시종양，이산량교저적시조토。재상동시비조건하，종양소맥산량수기타인소영향최소，이갈토칙역수외계조건적영향，도치년제간소맥산량기복교대。삼대류토양적감해담함량적변화추세시선강저，후승고수지재강저，자2007년출현명현회승적변화。수착년빈적추지，불시린처리적유효린함량정체감적추세，이시린처리칙시선승고후하강，이후보지상대은정적함량。불시갑처리적속효갑함량정완만하강적추세，시갑처리중 PK화NK처리적속효갑함량일반요고과담린갑처리。[결론]합리공응린비화담비，재보족갑비，시유효제고소맥산량적시비조시。
Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term differ-ent fertilization in three types of soils on wheat yield and soil nutrient variation in Shandong Province. [Method] A 30-year located experiment in Jinan of Shandong Province was selected and the results of soil nutrient and crop yield in 1984, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 2001, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2010 were measured and col ected. In this study, five treatments: CK, NP, NK, PK and NPK of the located experiment were selected. [Result] The three types of soils in wheat yields decreased signifi-cantly in the first several years and in 2006. Wheat yields of the treatments with P fertilizers were obviously higher than those without P fertilizers; it was shown that phosphorus is the primary nutritional factor for high-yielding of wheat. The highest yield is from cinnamon soil, fol owed by that from brown soil, and the lowest pro-duction is from fluvo-aquic soil. Under the same fertilization, the influence of other factors on wheat yield of brown soil is the smal est, while cinnamon soil is vulnera-ble to the influence of external conditions, resulting in larger fluctuation of annual wheat yield. The alkali-hydro nitrogen contents of three kinds of soils first de-creased, then raised, and at last reduced apparently. Since 2007, the change of al-kali-hydro nitrogen content appeared rebounded. The available P contents of no-phosphorus treatments decreased over time while those of the treatments with P fertilizers increased at first, then decreased, and after that kept relatively stable. The available K contents of no K treatments decreased slowly. The treatments of PK and NK had higher available K content than NPK treatment. [Conclusion] Thus, it is an effective fertilization measure to improve the wheat yield by supplying reasonable phosphate fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer and making up potassium fertilizer.