CAJ | 학술논문

本文通过对2000年以来中国近百次强对流天气个例的环境场进行分析，并查阅大量文献资料，综合考虑强对流天气形成的热力不稳定、动力抬升和水汽这三个基本条件出发，从强对流的不稳定条件和主要触发条件的角度，提出中国强对流天气5种基本类别：冷平流强迫类、暖平流强迫类、斜压锋生类、准正压类、高架对流类，并给出了基本解释。高空冷平流强迫类的典型特征是500hPa以上的中高层强干冷平流加强并移到边界层内暖性的辐合带中。暖平流强迫类的主要特征则是不稳定发展主要源于低层强烈的暖湿平流。斜压锋生类的特征是中低层冷暖空气强烈交汇产生的深厚对流，即斜压锋生造成的强对流往往表现为高空干冷平流和低空暖湿平流都很强烈。准正压类多发生在夏季副热带高压外侧或内部、温度梯度较弱的地区，流场上的动力强迫和和地面局地受热不均起主要作用。高架对流类的特征是700～500 hPa强的西南急流在边界层内的冷垫上被抬升，不稳定能量是来自700 hPa以上。通过从形成机制的差异性进行分类，有助于更好地把握各种强对流过程中不同的天气特征、系统配置、动力热力特征及其短期潜势分析重点，为进一步提高该类天气的预报预警水平提供更多的技术支持。
본문통과대2000년이래중국근백차강대류천기개례적배경장진행분석，병사열대량문헌자료，종합고필강대류천기형성적열력불은정、동력태승화수기저삼개기본조건출발，종강대류적불은정조건화주요촉발조건적각도，제출중국강대류천기5충기본유별：랭평류강박류、난평류강박류、사압봉생류、준정압류、고가대류류，병급출료기본해석。고공랭평류강박류적전형특정시500hPa이상적중고층강간랭평류가강병이도변계층내난성적복합대중。난평류강박류적주요특정칙시불은정발전주요원우저층강렬적난습평류。사압봉생류적특정시중저층랭난공기강렬교회산생적심후대류，즉사압봉생조성적강대류왕왕표현위고공간랭평류화저공난습평류도흔강렬。준정압류다발생재하계부열대고압외측혹내부、온도제도교약적지구，류장상적동력강박화화지면국지수열불균기주요작용。고가대류류적특정시700～500 hPa강적서남급류재변계층내적랭점상피태승，불은정능량시래자700 hPa이상。통과종형성궤제적차이성진행분류，유조우경호지파악각충강대류과정중불동적천기특정、계통배치、동력열력특정급기단기잠세분석중점，위진일보제고해류천기적예보예경수평제공경다적기술지지。
Based on the synoptic environment analysis of about 100 severe convection cases in China since 2000 and the reference of related literatures,from the perspectives of the three essential conditions for the development of severe convection,namely the thermal instability,lift and moisture,five basic synoptic sit-uation configurations of severe convection in China are proposed and expounded.They are cold advection forcing category,warm advection forcing category,baroclinic frontogenesis category,quasi-barotropic cat-egory and elevated thunderstorm category.The typical characteristics of the upper cold advection forcing category is that the mid-upper strong cold advection above 500 hPa strengthens and reaches the boundary warm convergence zone.The warm advection forcing category is characterized by trough with special structure moving over low-level strong warm and moist advection.The deep convection produced by the mid-lower layer convergence of cold and warm air features the baroclinic frontogenesis category.The quasi-barotropic category mostly occurs at the northern and the southern edges or the interior of summer sub-tropical high and the area with weak baroclinicity,where the dynamic forcing and the surface inhomoge-neous local heating play major roles.The features of elevated thunderstorms are the southwest jet in 700-500 hPa lifted by boundary cold wedge and the instable energy is from above 700 hPa.The classification based on the difference of the formation mechanisms can grasp accurately the synoptic characteristics,the situation configurations,the dynamic and thermal properties and the key points in analyzing short-term po-tential forecast,providing more technical support to further enhance the level of weather prediction.