CAJ | 학술논문

为明确播期和密度对小麦光合效应及产量的影响,研究了6个播期和4种密度对小麦品种烟农19(半冬偏冬性)的影响。结果表明,同一播期下,小麦抽穗期和灌浆中期的叶面积指数随密度的增加而增加,并以10月10日( S2、正常播种)和10月17日( S3、适度晚播)播种的最高。同一密度下,小麦不同生育期的叶绿素含量及灌浆中期的各叶绿素荧光参数( Fo、Fm、Fv/Fm、ETR和ΦpsⅡ)皆以10月10日和10月17日播种的最高,且同一播期下随密度的增加而降低。播期和密度对小麦光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率具有明显的影响,并在合理播期10月10日和10月17日及适宜密度120万株/hm2(M1)和210万株/hm2(M2)下表现最优。2年小麦高产播期密度组合皆为S2M1、S2M2、S3M1和 S3M2,其产量2011年分别为7892.8,7978.6,7996.2,8020.6 kg/hm2,2012年分别为7911.5,7978.6,7970.1,8032.9 kg/hm2。相关分析表明,小麦叶面积指数与产量呈二次抛物线的关系,叶绿素含量、光合速率和实际光化学效率与产量呈直线正相关关系。研究得出,淮北地区烟农19的适宜播期为10月10日-10月17日,适宜密度为基本苗120~210万株/hm2。
위명학파기화밀도대소맥광합효응급산량적영향,연구료6개파기화4충밀도대소맥품충연농19(반동편동성)적영향。결과표명,동일파기하,소맥추수기화관장중기적협면적지수수밀도적증가이증가,병이10월10일( S2、정상파충)화10월17일( S3、괄도만파)파충적최고。동일밀도하,소맥불동생육기적협록소함량급관장중기적각협록소형광삼수( Fo、Fm、Fv/Fm、ETR화ΦpsⅡ)개이10월10일화10월17일파충적최고,차동일파기하수밀도적증가이강저。파기화밀도대소맥광합속솔、기공도도、포간CO2농도화증등속솔구유명현적영향,병재합리파기10월10일화10월17일급괄의밀도120만주/hm2(M1)화210만주/hm2(M2)하표현최우。2년소맥고산파기밀도조합개위S2M1、S2M2、S3M1화 S3M2,기산량2011년분별위7892.8,7978.6,7996.2,8020.6 kg/hm2,2012년분별위7911.5,7978.6,7970.1,8032.9 kg/hm2。상관분석표명,소맥협면적지수여산량정이차포물선적관계,협록소함량、광합속솔화실제광화학효솔여산량정직선정상관관계。연구득출,회북지구연농19적괄의파기위10월10일-10월17일,괄의밀도위기본묘120~210만주/hm2。
In order to understand the impact of sowing date and density on photosynthetic effect and yield of wheat,the effect of six sowing dates and four kinds of planting densities on wheat variety of Yannong 19(Semi-win-ter and inclined to winterness) was studied. The results showed that the leaf area index of wheat at heading and mid-dle of filling stages was increased with the increasing of planting density under the same sowing date,and the sowing dates of October 10 (S2,normal sowing date) and October 17 (S3,moderately late sowing)had the highest values. Under the same planting density,the highest values of chlorophyll content at different growth stages and each chloro-phyll fluorescence parameter (Fo,Fm,Fv/Fm,ETR andΦpsⅡ) at middle of filling stage were all appeared at the so-wing dates of October 10 and October 17,and they decreased with the increasing of plant density under the same so-wing date. The photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate of wheat were obviously influenced by sowing date and planting density,and they performed the best under reasonable sowing date of October 10 and October 17 and suitable density of 120 × 104/ha and 210 × 104/ha. The two-year high yield combinations of sowing date and density were S2M1,S2M2,S3M1 and S3M2,and the yields of 2011 were 7 892. 8,7 978. 6,7 996. 2,8 020. 6 kg/ha,of 2012 were 7 911. 5,7 978. 6,7 970. 1,8 032. 9 kg/ha,respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that the leaf area index of wheat had a quadratic parabola relationship with yield,and chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate and actual photochemical efficiency were positively correlated to yield with the shape of a straight line. The study indicated that the suitable sowing date of Yannong 19 in Huaibei area was Oc-tober 10-October 17,and the reasonable density was the basic seedling 120-210 × 104/ha.