CAJ | 학술논문

高锰酸盐指数（ CODMn ）、硝酸根（ NO3-）、铵根（ NH4+）是判断水体是否受到三氮污染的重要指标。对于测定这三个指标的水样保存方式和时间，地质行业标准和国内外主要国家标准间存在明显差异。地质行业标准规定地下水样品原水室温保存，CODMn和NH4+在3天内测定；NO3-在20天内测定；国家标准和美国标准推荐样品硫酸酸化，避光或冷藏保存，在2~7天内完成CODMn和NO3-和1~7天内完成NH4+测试。为了分析各类标准在样品保存要求上的差异对检测结果的影响，确保检测数据能真实地反映水体污染状况，找寻简便的保存方式，本文在广州地区采集地下水，按照地质行业标准与国家标准进行处理和保存，并在不同时间段对三个指标进行测试。分析验证结果表明：地质行业标准与国家和美国标准关于水样的保存方法均非常可靠。地质行业标准主要针对静态地下水，保存方法相对宽松；国家标准和美国标准适用范围除了地下水，还包括动态的地表水和废水，采样对象成分更为复杂，更不稳定，更容易受外界影响发生变化，故保存条件高于地质标准。在广州地区，采用原水室温避光保存水样，CODMn、NH4+保存时间可为5天，NO3-保存时间可为30天；采用酸化水室温保存水样，CODMn、NO3-和NH4+保存时间可长达30天。这两种方式均比地质行业标准和国家标准推荐的有效时间长，且原水和酸化水室温保存方式相对于冷藏保存方式更为方便。本文提出，如果采集的水样能方便、快速送达实验室，可采用原水保存；如果不能在短时间内送达实验室检测，可采用硫酸酸化保存。
고맹산염지수（ CODMn ）、초산근（ NO3-）、안근（ NH4+）시판단수체시부수도삼담오염적중요지표。대우측정저삼개지표적수양보존방식화시간，지질행업표준화국내외주요국가표준간존재명현차이。지질행업표준규정지하수양품원수실온보존，CODMn화NH4+재3천내측정；NO3-재20천내측정；국가표준화미국표준추천양품류산산화，피광혹랭장보존，재2~7천내완성CODMn화NO3-화1~7천내완성NH4+측시。위료분석각류표준재양품보존요구상적차이대검측결과적영향，학보검측수거능진실지반영수체오염상황，조심간편적보존방식，본문재엄주지구채집지하수，안조지질행업표준여국가표준진행처리화보존，병재불동시간단대삼개지표진행측시。분석험증결과표명：지질행업표준여국가화미국표준관우수양적보존방법균비상가고。지질행업표준주요침대정태지하수，보존방법상대관송；국가표준화미국표준괄용범위제료지하수，환포괄동태적지표수화폐수，채양대상성분경위복잡，경불은정，경용역수외계영향발생변화，고보존조건고우지질표준。재엄주지구，채용원수실온피광보존수양，CODMn、NH4+보존시간가위5천，NO3-보존시간가위30천；채용산화수실온보존수양，CODMn、NO3-화NH4+보존시간가장체30천。저량충방식균비지질행업표준화국가표준추천적유효시간장，차원수화산화수실온보존방식상대우랭장보존방식경위방편。본문제출，여과채집적수양능방편、쾌속송체실험실，가채용원수보존；여과불능재단시간내송체실험실검측，가채용류산산화보존。
CODMn , NO3- and NH4+ are important indicators to nitrite, nitrate and ammonia pollution in groundwater. There are significant differences between geological industry standards and national-international standards about the storage ways and time for these three indexes. Geological industry standards prescribed that when samples are stored at room temperature without adding any reagent,CODMn and NH4+ should be tested in 3 days while NO3- in 20 days. National and international standards proposed that when samples are kept in dark places or in the refrigerator with addition of sulfuric acid,it is better to detect CODMn and NO3- within 2-7 days while NH4+ within 1 -7 days. In order to analyze the differences of the storage condition of the various types of standards about groundwater,and to make sure getting accurate testing results,stability research of CODMn ,NO3-and NH4+ in groundwater of Guangzhou Region were studied. Under the two kinds of preservation conditions with adding sulfuric acid and adding nothing in groundwater,testing of the three indexes by using new sealed samples at different time. The results showed that all standard methods about water preservation are reliable. Preservation conditions in geological industry standards that are applied to static groundwater are relatively less critical,while preservation conditions in national and international standards that are available to surface water and waste water, which are more complicated,unstable and changeable,are relative more stringency. In addition,in Guangzhou region,under the condition of keeping samples in dark places,CODMn and NH4+ could be obtained accurate data both for testing samples with addition of acid for 30 days and without any addition for 5 days. The content of NO3-was nearly the same under the two kinds of storage conditions in 30 days. Both two methods are more effective than geological industry and national standards, and it is easier to keep samples in dark places than keep in refrigeration. At last,we proposed that groundwater can be stored without any addition when it is easy and quick to take samples back to the laboratory,alternatively,groundwater can be stored with addition of sulfuric acid.