CAJ | 학술논문

土壤的活性组分能够反映土壤实际污染状况及对环境的危害，选择适当的土壤浸提剂是准确评价土壤活性组分的关键技术，已有的提取剂局限于不同元素和不同土壤类型，提取步骤繁琐，实验周期长，重现性不高。本文研制了一种提取土壤中活性组分的新型提取剂---AIE，提取剂组成为0.25 mol/L 醋酸-0.25 mol/L醋酸铵-0.005 mol/L DTPA-0.2%对苯二酚混合溶液。国家标准物质提取实验表明，AIE提取剂能够有效提取土壤中多种元素的活性组分（有效态磷、有效态钾、有效态锰、有效态铜），具有很好的通用性。AIE提取剂与三种通用提取剂（ Mehlich 3、AB-DTPA、盐酸）的实验比较表明，AIE对作物营养组分盐基离子（ K、Na、Ca、Mg）的提取效果高于AB-DTPA和盐酸，与Mehlich 3的提取量变化规律基本一致；对Fe、Mn、P和重金属元素的提取值70%高于或相当于其他三种提取剂。应用AIE提取土壤的活性组分，适用于提取作物营养组分和重金属元素，既可提取有效态又可提取缓效态，且样品无需针对不同元素做分别处理，多种元素提取方法一致，比已有的提取剂实验周期缩短3~5倍，有利于大批量样品的分析测试；AIE实际应用的重现性较好，大多数元素提取量的相对标准偏差低于8%；AIE的缓冲能力强，提取液的pH值升高幅度（0.07~0.9）均未超过缓冲溶液的缓冲范围，可同时适用于酸性和碱性土壤。总体上 AIE 通用性优于Mehlich 3和AB-DTPA提取剂，是已有提取分析方法的补充和完善。
토양적활성조분능구반영토양실제오염상황급대배경적위해，선택괄당적토양침제제시준학평개토양활성조분적관건기술，이유적제취제국한우불동원소화불동토양류형，제취보취번쇄，실험주기장，중현성불고。본문연제료일충제취토양중활성조분적신형제취제---AIE，제취제조성위0.25 mol/L 작산-0.25 mol/L작산안-0.005 mol/L DTPA-0.2%대분이분혼합용액。국가표준물질제취실험표명，AIE제취제능구유효제취토양중다충원소적활성조분（유효태린、유효태갑、유효태맹、유효태동），구유흔호적통용성。AIE제취제여삼충통용제취제（ Mehlich 3、AB-DTPA、염산）적실험비교표명，AIE대작물영양조분염기리자（ K、Na、Ca、Mg）적제취효과고우AB-DTPA화염산，여Mehlich 3적제취량변화규률기본일치；대Fe、Mn、P화중금속원소적제취치70%고우혹상당우기타삼충제취제。응용AIE제취토양적활성조분，괄용우제취작물영양조분화중금속원소，기가제취유효태우가제취완효태，차양품무수침대불동원소주분별처리，다충원소제취방법일치，비이유적제취제실험주기축단3~5배，유리우대비량양품적분석측시；AIE실제응용적중현성교호，대다수원소제취량적상대표준편차저우8%；AIE적완충능력강，제취액적pH치승고폭도（0.07~0.9）균미초과완충용액적완충범위，가동시괄용우산성화감성토양。총체상 AIE 통용성우우Mehlich 3화AB-DTPA제취제，시이유제취분석방법적보충화완선。
Active constituents in soil can reflect the status of the actual pollution and harm to the environment,and selection of the appropriate extractant is a key technology to accurately evaluate active soil components. The existing extractant method has been limited to different elements and different soil types with complicated extraction steps,a long experimental period and poor reproducibility. A new type of activated ions extractant( AIE ) has been developed in this study. The new extracting solution,already designated AIE,is composed of 0. 25 mol/L CH3 COOH-0. 25 mol/L NH4 OAc-0. 005 mol/L DTPA-0. 2% C6 H4( OH)2 . Extraction experiment results of the national standard substances show that AIE extraction agent can effectively extract active components( available P,available K,available Mn and available Cu)in soil with good versatility. AIE extracting results in comparison with three extraction extractants such as Mehlich 3,AB-DTPA and HCl,show that the extraction effect of AIE on nutrition component base cations( K,Na,Ca,Mg)is higher than that of AB-DTPA and HCl extraction agents, and the extraction effect of AIE and Mehlich 3 have the same trend. Extraction effects of AIE on Fe,Mn,P and heavy metals were 70% better than the three kinds of extracting agents mentioned. AIE was suitable for the extraction of nutrition components and heavy metals,which can extract the available state and slow release state. The extraction method of different elements was the same and no need to process separately,and the experimental period was 3-5 times less than the existing extractant method,which was favourable for the analysis of quantities of samples. AIE extraction results have good reproducibility,and relative standard deviations of the other elements except Na were lower than 8%. AIE has strong buffering capacity,and a pH value range of 0. 07-0. 9 is in the buffering capacity of buffer solution,which is good for acidic and alkaline soils. The versatility is better than that of Mehlich 3 and AB-DTPA. The new extracting agent is a supplement and improvement of existing methods.