CAJ | 학술논문

金矿尾矿是砷污染的重要来源，不同冶炼工艺形成的尾矿中砷的赋存状态有很大差异，不同的砷形态会直接影响其在环境中的迁移转化行为，确认砷的存在形态是修复砷污染场地研究中的重要内容。本文针对浮选法和生物氧化法两种不同浸金方法的尾矿，采用pH计和氧化还原电位自动测定仪测量尾矿的物理性质（ pH、氧化还原电位），采用X射线衍射和X射线荧光光谱分析尾矿的矿物物相和主要成分，电子探针分析砷的存在形态。表征结果表明，浮选法尾矿和生物氧化法尾矿的物理性质都会因堆置环境的变化而变化，其Eh、pH和零电荷点都大致相同，pH≈8.5，样品零电荷点（ pHPZC ）大约为8.5。由于两种尾矿都属于碱性环境，因此在修复方法的选择上也受到限制，如只适合在酸性条件下进行的电动修复法就不适用于这两种尾矿，修复试剂的选择也以碱性物质和铁的氧化物（氢氧化物）为主。浮选法尾矿的主要矿物类型为石英、白云石和黏土矿物，化学主要成分是Si和Al，尾矿呈灰白色，其中砷的含量约为754μg/g左右，主要以毒砂（ FeAsS）形式存在；而生物氧化法尾矿的主要矿物类型为石膏，化学主要成分是Fe、Ca和S，尾矿呈红棕色，其中砷的含量约为26350μg/g，主要以毒砂（ FeAsS）和五氧化二砷（ As2 O5）形式存在。两种浸金工艺每一道工序的不同，都会造成两种尾矿在矿物相、主要成分和其中砷存在形态上的差异。因此在进行尾矿原位修复工作时，应考虑不同浸金方法对尾矿堆置环境和砷存在形态的影响，从而选择出一种更加合适、廉价、高效的修复方法和试剂。
금광미광시신오염적중요래원，불동야련공예형성적미광중신적부존상태유흔대차이，불동적신형태회직접영향기재배경중적천이전화행위，학인신적존재형태시수복신오염장지연구중적중요내용。본문침대부선법화생물양화법량충불동침금방법적미광，채용pH계화양화환원전위자동측정의측량미광적물이성질（ pH、양화환원전위），채용X사선연사화X사선형광광보분석미광적광물물상화주요성분，전자탐침분석신적존재형태。표정결과표명，부선법미광화생물양화법미광적물이성질도회인퇴치배경적변화이변화，기Eh、pH화령전하점도대치상동，pH≈8.5，양품령전하점（ pHPZC ）대약위8.5。유우량충미광도속우감성배경，인차재수복방법적선택상야수도한제，여지괄합재산성조건하진행적전동수복법취불괄용우저량충미광，수복시제적선택야이감성물질화철적양화물（경양화물）위주。부선법미광적주요광물류형위석영、백운석화점토광물，화학주요성분시Si화Al，미광정회백색，기중신적함량약위754μg/g좌우，주요이독사（ FeAsS）형식존재；이생물양화법미광적주요광물류형위석고，화학주요성분시Fe、Ca화S，미광정홍종색，기중신적함량약위26350μg/g，주요이독사（ FeAsS）화오양화이신（ As2 O5）형식존재。량충침금공예매일도공서적불동，도회조성량충미광재광물상、주요성분화기중신존재형태상적차이。인차재진행미광원위수복공작시，응고필불동침금방법대미광퇴치배경화신존재형태적영향，종이선택출일충경가합괄、렴개、고효적수복방법화시제。
Gold mine tailing is an important source of arsenic pollution. There are great differences in the arsenic forms of mine tailings formed by different smelting processes. Different arsenic form directly affects its migration and transformation in the environment. Confirming the existing form of arsenic is an important method in the study of repairing arsenic contamination sites. Based on mine tailings generated by two different leaching methods( flotation process and biological oxidation process ) for gold,pH meter and Eh meter was used to measure the physical properties of mine tailings( pH,Eh),X-ray Diffraction and X-ray Fluorescent to analyze the mineral phases and main compositions of the mine tailings and Electro-probe Microanalysis to analyze the arsenic existing form. The characterization result shows that the physical properties of flotation mine tailing and biological oxidation mine tailing change with the stacking environment. pH,Eh and pHPZC are almost equal,ie pH≈8. 5 and pHpzc≈8. 5. The choice of repair method is also restricted because both min tailings belong to the alkaline condition. For example,the electric repair method is only suitable for the acid condition but not for the two main mine tailings. Meanwhile the choice of repair reagent must be alkaline substance and iron oxide( hydroxide). The main mineral compositions of flotation mine tailing are quartz,dolomite and clay minerals and their chemical components are mainly Si and Al. The color of mine tailing is off-white. The arsenic content of this mine tailing is about 754 μg/g, mainly existing in the form of arsenopyrite( FeAsS). However,the main mineral type of biological oxidation mine tailing is gypsum. The main chemical components are Fe,Ca and S with a reddish-brown colour. The arsenic content is about 26350 μg/g. The existing forms of arsenic of this mine tailing are mainly arsenopyrite( FeAsS) and arsenic pentoxide( As2 O5 ). There are many differences in mineral phase,main chemical components and arsenic forms of two kinds of mine tailings because every procedure step of the two-gold leaching processes is different. Therefore,in the in-situ repair work of mine tailings,it should be considered that different methods of gold leaching will influence the piled-up environment of mine tailings and arsenic forms and should be taken into consideration in order to choose a more appropriate,cheap and efficient repair method and choice of reagents.