CAJ | 학술논문

本试验旨在研究维生素C对中华蜜蜂幼虫发育及工蜂生存能力的影响。试验分为蜜蜂幼虫和工蜂饲养试验2部分。蜜蜂幼虫饲养试验：将800只1日龄中华蜜蜂幼虫随机分为5组，每组8个重复，每个重复20只。其中，对照组（Ⅰ组）饲喂基础饲粮（维生素 C 含量为1．6 mg/kg），4个试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加10（Ⅱ组）、20（Ⅲ组）、30（Ⅳ组）、40 mg/kg （Ⅴ组）维生素C的试验饲粮。工蜂饲养试验：将1日龄中华蜜蜂工蜂分成4组，每组6个重复，每个重复24 g（约300只）。其中，对照组（Ⅵ组）饲喂1∶1的糖水，3个试验组分别在1∶1的糖水中添加50（Ⅶ组）、500（Ⅷ组）、2500 mg/kg（Ⅸ组）的维生素C。结果表明：在幼虫发育阶段，随维生素C含量的增加，6日龄幼虫、3日龄蛹和刚羽化蜜蜂的体重均先增加后降低，且均表现为Ⅱ和Ⅲ组显著高于对照组（ P＜0．05）；幼虫的化蛹率、羽化率与体重有相似的变化趋势；铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（ Cu/Zn-SOD）基因相对表达量也随维生素C含量的增加先上升后下降，且各试验组6日龄幼虫和3日龄蛹Cu/Zn-SOD基因的相对表达量均显著高于对照组（ P＜0．05）。在工蜂生存能力方面，随着维生素C含量的增加，工蜂的平均寿命先增加后下降，且各试验组均显著高于对照组（ P＜0．05），各试验组之间也存在显著差异（ P＜0．05）；工蜂的存活率随着维生素C含量的增加先上升后下降；3、9、15日龄工蜂Cu/Zn-SOD基因的相对表达量均随着维生素C含量的增加而减少。由此得出，中华蜜蜂幼虫人工饲粮中维生素C的适宜含量为11．6～21．6 mg/kg；饲粮中维生素C含量对中华蜜蜂工蜂的生存能力有影响。
본시험지재연구유생소C대중화밀봉유충발육급공봉생존능력적영향。시험분위밀봉유충화공봉사양시험2부분。밀봉유충사양시험：장800지1일령중화밀봉유충수궤분위5조，매조8개중복，매개중복20지。기중，대조조（Ⅰ조）사위기출사량（유생소 C 함량위1．6 mg/kg），4개시험조분별사위재기출사량중첨가10（Ⅱ조）、20（Ⅲ조）、30（Ⅳ조）、40 mg/kg （Ⅴ조）유생소C적시험사량。공봉사양시험：장1일령중화밀봉공봉분성4조，매조6개중복，매개중복24 g（약300지）。기중，대조조（Ⅵ조）사위1∶1적당수，3개시험조분별재1∶1적당수중첨가50（Ⅶ조）、500（Ⅷ조）、2500 mg/kg（Ⅸ조）적유생소C。결과표명：재유충발육계단，수유생소C함량적증가，6일령유충、3일령용화강우화밀봉적체중균선증가후강저，차균표현위Ⅱ화Ⅲ조현저고우대조조（ P＜0．05）；유충적화용솔、우화솔여체중유상사적변화추세；동자초양화물기화매（ Cu/Zn-SOD）기인상대표체량야수유생소C함량적증가선상승후하강，차각시험조6일령유충화3일령용Cu/Zn-SOD기인적상대표체량균현저고우대조조（ P＜0．05）。재공봉생존능력방면，수착유생소C함량적증가，공봉적평균수명선증가후하강，차각시험조균현저고우대조조（ P＜0．05），각시험조지간야존재현저차이（ P＜0．05）；공봉적존활솔수착유생소C함량적증가선상승후하강；3、9、15일령공봉Cu/Zn-SOD기인적상대표체량균수착유생소C함량적증가이감소。유차득출，중화밀봉유충인공사량중유생소C적괄의함량위11．6～21．6 mg/kg；사량중유생소C함량대중화밀봉공봉적생존능력유영향。
The objective of this experiment was to explore the effects of vitamin C on the development of lar-vae and the viability of worker bees for Apis cerana cerana.The experiment contained 2 parts: larvae and worker bees’ feeding trails.Larvae bees’ feeding trail:eight hundred larvae for Apis cerana cerana were ran-domly distributed into 5 groups with 8 replicates in each group and 20 larvae in each replicate.The larvae in control group ( group Ⅰ) were fed a basal diet containing 1.6 mg/kg vitamin C, and those in 4 experimental groups were fed experiment diets supplemented with 10 ( group Ⅱ) , 20 ( group Ⅲ) , 30 ( group Ⅳ) and 40 mg/kg ( group Ⅴ) vitamin C, respectively.Worker bees’ feeding trail:one-day-old worker bees for Apis cerana cerana were distributed into 4 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 24 g ( about 300 bees) in each replicate.The worker bees in control group ( groupⅥ) were fed a 1∶1 sweet water, and those in 3 experimen-tal groups were fed 1∶1 sweet water supplemented with 50 ( group Ⅶ) , 500 ( group Ⅷ) and 2 500 mg/kg ( group Ⅸ) vitamin C, respectively.The results showed as follows: during the development stage of larvae, the body weight of 6-day-old larvae, 3-day-old pupae and new-emerged bees was increased firstly and then de-clined with the increase of vitamin C content, and that in groupsⅡandⅢwas significantly higher than that in control group ( P<0.05) .The pupation rate and eclosion rate of larvae showed trends similar with body weight. Moreover, the relative expression level of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase ( Cu/Zn-SOD) gene was also increased firstly and then declined with the increase of vitamin C content, and the relative expression level of Cu/Zn-SOD gene of 6-day-old larvae and 3-day-old pupae in experimental groups was significantly higher than that in con-trol group ( P<0.05) .In the aspect of viability of worker bees, the average lifespan of worker bees was in-creased firstly and then decreased with the increase of vitamin C content.The average lifespan of worker bees in experimental groups was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05), and there was significant difference among experimental groups ( P<0.05) .With the increase of vitamin C content, the survival rate of worker bees was increased firstly and then decreased, while the relative expression level of Cu/Zn-SOD gene of 3, 9 and 15-day-old worker bees was decreased.In conclusion, the suitable contents of vitamin C in the artifi-cial diet of larvae for Apis cerana cerana are 11.6 to 21.6 mg/kg;dietary vitamin C content has a great effect on the viability of worker bees for Apis cerana cerana.